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Growing Industry of Data Recovery

2008-07-02T07:48:00.001-07:00

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by Andrew Watson

Agony of the data loss is the one which can affect not only the individuals but the big corporates also. Losing the precious data is proving as the wakening threat for all of them and thus makes them to undergo this ordeal.

Formatting the hard drive without any intention or to removing the nasty computer viruses may be revered as one of the archetype of data loss. Apart from this file or folder deletion and dropped hard drive are some other which are constituted in the common term human error. The data recovery is the need which runs like a common thread among all of them who have faced this or similar conditions.

To the part of your interest, this nightmare for the users is then converted into plentiful for the business opportunities of data recovery players. The data recovery from the hard disk and other storage media is a fragmented market today and choosing the apt one in need is really a tough job to do.

The data recovery job is not limited to private sectors but the government is also arming itself to get back their lost sensitive data. Prime Minister's office, ISRO, Army headquarters, various ministries and public sector undertakings (PSU), have deployed tools to this effect.

Also the agencies like security and law enforcement agencies are using data recovery services to solve their cases. These are the cases where criminals play their part by destroying the related information from electronic data storage devices by deleting or destroying it.

At this point of discussion how can we forget of naming the corporate biggies for which the data loss can be comparatively more fatal? This is with respect of the reason that the revenue streams and survival of these companies depend almost totally on data.

Now at this point of time businesses and all the concerned ones to data have come to realize the seriousness of data and have thus started to do their part. They have began building the data loss prevention factor as the most relevant in their annual maintenance contracts or service level agreements with IT service providers.

While a spin-off of this growing menace has resulted in the emergence of a fast-growing data recovery industry. But the matter is which one to choose out of this flooded market. Well you will get this answer after a wide analysis and research made on the internet or manually. Going for the data recovery software or data recovery services is something different which depends on the nature of the problem but the best deal would be to choose the data recovery company which offers you both with bets of the flexible options.

Stellar Information Systems Ltd. is the data recovery company which is considered to be the most reliable and the renowned data recovery company so far. The data recovery solutions and services of Stellar mark a large impact to the satisfaction level of the customers.

The data recovery services are provided in the Class 100 Clean Rooms with best of the data recovery tools under the sight of qualified and skilled data recovery professionals. They make a wide research of the damaged hard drive to know the actual reason of the crash and then go as per the case may be.

The data recovery software provided by Stellar are also the best and most reliable, available for the operating systems like Windows, Macintosh, Linux, UNIX and Novell. The advanced scanning procedure of the storage media through the use of the best algorithms makes the data recovery safe and complete.

Andrew Watson a student of Mass Communication doing research on data recovery software. He is also a freelancer for http://www.stellarinfo.com

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Cisco CCNA, CCNP, And CCENT Practice Exam Questions: DHCP, BGP Route Reflectors, And More!

2008-07-01T11:22:00.001-07:00

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by Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933

Here are some free Cisco certification exam practice questions to help you prepare for your CCNA, CCENT, and CCNP exams. Topics include DHCP, classless protocols, and BGP route reflectors. Enjoy!

CCENT Certification:

In what order do these DHCP packet types occur in a typical IP address acquisition?

A. Ack

B. Offer

C. Discover

D. Request

Answer: C, B, D, A.

In a nutshell, the DHCP process is...

1. Host sends DHCP Discover message (broadcast)

2. DHCP Server(s) send Offer (unicast to requesting host)

3. Host sends DHCP Request (broadcast)

4. DHCP Server whose Offer is accepted sends Ack (unicast to requesting host)

CCNA:

Which of the following are considered "classless" protocols?

A. RIP v 1

B. RIP v 2

C. EIGRP

D. OSPF

E. Static routing

Answer: B, C, D. RIPv2, EIGRP, and OSPF are "classless" protocols; RIPv1 is "classful". Static routing is not a protocol.

CCNP / BSCI:

By default, iBGP routers cannot propagate routes to iBGP neighbors that were originally learned from another iBGP router. Which of the following are methods of circumventing this rule?

A. setting an alternate next-hop IP address

B. changing the weight attribute

C. configuring route reflectors

D. turning synchronization off

E. changing the local preference attribute

F. configuring confederations

Answers: C, F. Route reflectors and confederations help us work around this particular BGP rule.

CCNP / BCMSN:

Which of the following is NOT true of a destination SPAN port?

A. It can be any Ethernet port type - regular, Fast, or Gigabit.

B. It doesn't participate in VTP, STP, or CDP.

C. It doesn't participate in PAgP, LACP, or DTP.

D. It can be a source SPAN port as well.

E. It can be part of an Etherchannel.

Answers: D, E. A destination SPAN port cannot be a source SPAN port, and a destination port cannot be part of an Etherchannel.

CCNP Certification / ISCW Exam:

You've just clicked the Launch IPS Rule Wizard button in SDM. What protocol are you likely to be prompted to enable?

Answer: If SDEE is not already running on that router, SDM will prompt you to do so and you cannot proceed with the configuration until you do so.

CCNP Certification / ONT Exam:

Which of the following are fixed-length delays?

A. Propagation

B. Serialization

C. Queueing

D. Processing

Answer: A, B. Serialization and propagation delays are fixed in length. Queueing and processing delays are variable in length.

Look for more Cisco certification exam training questions on my website as well as this one!

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage, home of free CCNA Security and CCNA Wireless tutorials, The Ultimate CCNA Study Package, and Ultimate CCNP Study Packages. Visit his blog, which is updated several times daily with new Cisco certification articles, free tutorials, and daily CCNA / CCNP exam questions! A free 7-part course, "How To Pass The CCNA", is also available.

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Top Ten Concepts For Linux Beginners - Number 9, Certification

2008-06-23T11:51:00.001-07:00

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by Levi Reiss

There are currently four programs that enable people to become certified as Linux Systems Administrators. These programs are offered by the Computing Technology Industry Association, the Linux Professional Institute, the Novell Corporation, and Red Hat, Inc. The first two are professional industry associations whose certification programs do not depend on any specific Linux distribution. Novell and Red Hat Linux certifications are closely associated with their popular Linux distributions. Should you wish to prepare for either of these two certifications you will definitely need access to their Linux version.

What's involved in obtaining a Linux Certification? You must pass one or more extensive tests that demonstrate your prowess in dealing with the typical and some atypical problems faced by Linux systems administrators. We'll take a closer look at the CompTIA Linux+ Certification, the one often recommended as the first certification for people new to Linux. This certification does not apply to any specific Linux version. The test is designed to validate the knowledge of individuals with a minimum of six to twelve months of practical Linux experience. According to the Computing Technology Industry Association, professionals achieving the CompTIA Linux+ certification can explain fundamental management of Linux systems from the command line, demonstrate knowledge of user administration, understand file permissions, software configurations, and management of Linux-based clients, server systems, and security. Many of these functions are available on Damn Small Linux.

The Linux+ certification is a basic, entry-level certification for Linux system administrators. It is intended for people with six-months experience installing, operating and maintaining Linux operating systems. To achieve Linux+ certification, candidates must pass the 98 question Linux+ exam which covers seven areas: Planning and Implementation; Installation; Configuration; Administration; System Maintenance; Troubleshooting; and Identify, Install and Maintain System Hardware. This multiple-choice exam costs about $232 and is a good starting point for those who want to continue with other Linux certifications including those from Novell and Red Hat.

Why would anybody want to start preparing Linux certification on a limited version of Linux? The answer is simple certification is not to be taken lightly. Don't make a major financial and time investment unless you know that you really want to be certified and that you possess the required skill set. It's not hard to find schools that promise you success in Linux certification and in any of their course offerings. But Linux certification may not be for you. Don't make a major certification investment only to find that it wasn't what you had in mind. Work your way through my tutorials including the suggestions for going further. Get your hands on a variety of Linux books. I would start with books designed for learning Linux and for running Linux systems before working with Linux certification books.

Don't be satisfied with running computer exercises in your mind, and nodding your head at the appropriate times. To succeed you must do the exercises on a computer running Linux. Since installation is a component of all Linux Certification exams don't stint on installing several versions of Linux on your computer. An external USB hard drive is not very expensive. Try to make friends with someone who knows better than you how to do things. Ask a lot of questions. And good luck!

And while you're working on your certifications take a look at some of Damn Small Linux's other advantages in our final article in this series.

Levi Reiss authored or co-authored ten computer and Internet books. He teaches Linux and other computer subjects at an Ontario French-language college. Visit his new site www.linux4windows.com, to learn how to download and run free Damn Small Linux on your Windows computer. His other sites include www.theworldwidewine.com and www.travelitalytravel.com.

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The Current Status of FTTH in the US and the Rest of the World

2008-06-19T05:09:00.001-07:00

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by Colin Yao

Understanding FTTH (Fiber To The Home)

FTTH is an all-fiber connection to the home which provides a minimum of 155Mbps bandwidth on both up stream and down stream directions. Basically, it is composed of a fiber from the service node to the optical splitter, the optical splitter which separates to (fan out) terminate on single home ONU.

So similar to FTTC (Fiber To The Curb), FTTH is a point-to-point architecture with a dedicated connection from the home to the network. This fiber link provides secure transmissions by virtue of the fact the it is much harder to tap a fiber than a copper cable.

FTTH is much better suited for broadband service applications than DSL and other intermediate technologies. It is our broadband future.

Cost Savings of FTTH

FTTH provides a robust outside plant which requires extremely low maintenance over the lifetime of the system. Fiber based networks require considerably less maintenance than traditional copper networks.

FTTH in the US

Currently in the US, FTTH is not yet a real alternative challenge to interactive digital services distributed over cable, DSL, satellite and other media. Why? The simple reason is the cost. The cost for roll out a widespread FTTH infrastructure is exorbitant and therefore currently it is only feasible in urban and business areas.

FTTH offers up to 20 times more bandwidth than ADSL which is tremendous to most Americans. And once the fibers are in the ground, the capacity can be upgrade to even more by simply upgrading or adding new equipment on the end. In the future, FTTH will not only be offered to larger business customers but also for residential customers, SoHos and SMEs.

However, most of the largest telcos are still limiting their FTTH deployment to small-scale trials. But many smaller carriers and newcomers are pushing ahead with actual product offerings and are creating a significant base of fiber users. Bellsouth is playing a very active role. Another active player is Verizon with its FiOS offering.

Fiber-to-the-home connections in the U.S. have more than doubled from a year ago to surpass the 2 million mark, according to data released today from Render Vanderslice and Associates.

Verizon Communications accounts for about two thirds of the country's FTTH subscribers and more than two thirds of the homes passed by fiber.

Other players including AboveNet and Paxio. AboveNet, PAXIO team on FTTH network in San Francisco Bay area.

FTTH in Europe

In Europe, FTTH is just at the beginning of its life cycle. In Germany, BerliKomm (based in Berlin) is preparing to offer FTTH. And in Sweden, Bredbandsbolaget (the leading FTTH player) is already offering FTTH services. In Austria, Wienstrom is also offering FTTH service under the name of "i-blizz".

FTTH in Asia

Hong Kong, South Korea and Japan are the world leaders in the percentage of homes that receive broadband communications services over direct fiber optic connections, according to a new global ranking of fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) market penetration.

According to this first ever official ranking of FTTH deployments in the world's economies, 21.2 percent of homes in Hong Kong are wired with FTTH, followed by South Korea at 19.6 percent and Japan at 16.3 percent. Scandinavian countries occupy the next three positions, with Sweden having 7.2 percent of its households connected to FTTH, Denmark at 2.9 percent and Norway at 2.5 percent.
Taiwan, Italy, People's Republic of China, The Netherlands and the United States round out the top 11 economies, with FTTH penetration rates of between 1.4 and 1 percent of households. Only economies with penetration of 1 percent or more were included in the ranking.
The three regional FTTH Councils joined together to create this first official global FTTH ranking in order to provide the telecommunications industry, governments and regulators with a unique snapshot of international fiber access penetration. Going forward, the councils will update and re-issue the rankings on an annual basis, as well as work jointly to further refine the research methods in order to provide more in-depth information.

Colin Yao is an expert on fiber optic communication technologies and products. Learn more about cable pull machine, cable pulling techniques, cable pulling machine on Fiber Optics For Sale Co. web site.

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Enter To Win

2008-06-18T05:27:00.001-07:00

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by Sheezaym

Have you ever wondered if people really do win at sweepstakes and contests? Have you tried to enter as much as you can, but still have come up empty handed? Well, don't give up just yet!

Winning at sweepstakes is very common among sweep enthusiasts, if you have the right mindset and strategy. Yes, you do need a plan! The first thing is getting used to the terminology used, and some basic rules. There is a big difference between a sweepstakes and a contest. A sweepstakes is when a company holds a prize drawing with absolutely no strings attached. They do not require commitments or purchases. They are merely introducing a new product, company or maybe a new media, (such as movies & music). You may run into a website that offers various non related prizes every week, or month. It may not be their own products, but they would like you to see what they have to offer. Their sole purpose is for you to get to know them better.

A contest is a little different. They too, are offering a prize so that you will come and visit them, and see what they are all about. They may want to spice some things up and get you a little more involved with their company before you enter to win. They want to attract people to their contest that has a genuine interest in their product. They may ask you to send them a recipe or a photo. They may have a trivia game for you to play. Some contests have you find different things on their website. All are meant for fun, and for them to introduce themselves to you.

Sometimes though, you may run into a contest that has you pay to enter. I strongly urge you not to pay to enter a contest. To me, it is a large red flag when I see contests that you need to pay to win! Please, don't waste your money! Raffles for charity causes are my only exception. I believe that if we have a charity that we consider to be important, than by all means please support them! If you win a prize of some sort, than it can be a little sunshine to your day!

Enter to win a trip to see American Idol 7 live visit: http://www.americanidolcontest.

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Data Loss Effects on Different Types of Companies

2008-06-17T05:38:00.001-07:00

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by Andrew Watson

No one can contradict the fact that how the data loss can severely impact the companies. But this is not necessary that this impact is same for all of them. Let us say any R&D company has suffered hard drive crash then due to having some confidential data related to the new inventions, this is hard for it to trust on any of the data recovery service provider company.

So this becomes a hard and fast rule for that company that to choose the one which is reliable and has been known for the same from decades. This will let the R&D companies to be sure that the data will remain confidential and the success of the data recovery operations is guaranteed.

Some R&D projects take several years to get completed. So loosing any of the information about the projects is not at the money level but this also the time loss that the developers have spent.

The banks and financial institutions are running their business based on the millions of transactions each day. Now let us suppose that a person wants to invest $ 2000 in the stock market but due to the present data loss problems in the stock brokerage company, he/she can't do so. If the company deals with approximately 100 transactions each day then the total loss would be $ 20000 per day until the data recovery is not done. Thus the longer it takes for data recovery, the larger it will loose.

A customer only puts his/her money in your financial institution if he or she trusts your company and if that gets lost then this costs at price of the market reputation of the institution. Such types of data loss incidents will make the customer to doubt your trustworthiness and he or she is bound to take his or her business elsewhere.

For the film and advertisement companies, lot of time, money and efforts are required. There is a use of lot of external technical expertise and resources that cannot be replicated easily. If some film or advertisement copy is lost then that would mean losing all the financial resources that went into making that copy. As lot of money has been spent in producing the movie but a silly data loss incident can convert this expenditure into large financial losses and no benefits.

So as proved from the above examples, the data loss can affect in several of the ways to the company based on the works that the company performs and the type of information it possess. So the relevance of data recovery runs the uniform kinds of issues for them. However the way outs for uncovering the data loss is unique for all i.e. data recovery software for logical data loss and data recovery services for the physical data loss.

Seeking the confidential matters and safety aspects of the data, the reliability of the data recovery software and guarantee of the data recovery company that they will go for keeping the data confidential is the primary facet to be seen. So better choose according to your needs.

Stellar Information System Ltd. is a data recovery company which fulfills all your data recovery needs. The data recovery software are available for operating systems like Windows, Macintosh, Linux, UNIX and Novell. They perform a systematic scan of your hard drive and fetch your data from it. These data recovery software do not alter the data even a bit and retrieve them intact.

Data recovery service by Stellar is provided in the Class 100 Clean Room where apt surroundings are given to the failed hard drive. Stellar assures you that your data will remain just under your limits and will not leak at all after data recovery by its experts.

The data recovery experts are well qualified and experienced and carry out the best procedures for the data recovery.

Andrew Watson a student of Mass Communication doing research on data recovery software. He is also a freelancer for http://www.stellarinfo.com

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Cisco CCNA, CCNP, and Network+ Exam Practice Questions: ARP, Layer 3 Switches, WPA, and More!

2008-06-16T04:41:00.001-07:00

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by Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933

Test your knowledge of vital Cisco and CompTIA certification exam topics with these free questions!

Network+ / CCENT / CCNA Question:

What protocol allows a host to determine the MAC address of another host that is on a different side of the router?

Answer: Proxy ARP.

CCENT Certification:

Briefly describe how a Cisco switch builds its MAC address table.

Answer: The switch examines the source MAC address of incoming frames, then checks its MAC address table to see if an entry exists for that address. If not, an entry is made that maps that MAC address to the port that received the frame.

CCNA Certification:

Convert the binary string 10101010 into a hex value.

Answer: In decimal, that string equals 170; that's AA (or aa, case does not matter).

CCNP Certification / BSCI Exam:

In the BGP best-path selection process, what is the first attribute a Cisco router examines?

Answer: The Cisco-proprietary attribute weight is the first attribute considered.

CCNP Certification / BCMSN Exam:

On a Cisco L3 switch, what command converts a routing port to a switching port?

Answer: The command is switchport. To change a port from switching to routing, run no switchport.

CCNP Certification / ISCW Exam:

Basically, what is a "demilitarized zone"?

Answer: A DMZ is the area between a company's private network ("inside network") and the outside world. Packets going from the inside network to the DMZ and from the DMZ to external networks are generally examined by security devices.

CCNP Certification / ONT Exam:

Name three major differences between WEP and WPA.

Answer: Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) offers static keys, an easily hacked authentication setup, and is not considered a scalable solution. Sounds promising, right? That's why WPA is a much more attractive solution. WPA uses dynamic keys, isn't easily hacked, and is highly scalable.

Look for more Network+, CCNA, CCENT, and CCNP questions on this website!

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage, home of free CCNA and CCNP exam tutorials, The Ultimate CCNA Study Package, and Ultimate CCNP Study Packages. Visit his blog, which is updated several times daily with new Cisco certification articles, free tutorials, and daily CCNA / CCNP exam questions! A free 7-part course, "How To Pass The CCNA", is also available. Get your Cisco CCNP Boot Camp with this special from The Bryant Advantage!

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Multicast Wireless?

2008-06-13T05:04:00.001-07:00

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by Roberto Bell

Multicasting is the process of broadcasting a huge number of routing packets to multiple destinations with the use of fewer networks. Multicasting when used over wireless networks like cellular telephones is known as multicast wireless. As mobile companies all over the world upgrade their wireless networks to enhance the efficiency of new functions like mobile TV or IPTV, the bandwidth usage goes up dramatically, leading to the need for multicast wireless technology. Although the concept of wired multicasting, like ATM multicasting and IP multicasting, is still popular in some areas, it won't be very long before wireless multicasting takes over the world.

Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) is the preferred architecture that will promote third-generation mobile telecommunication systems. UMTS is an offspring of the second-generation mobile telecommunication system (GSM). UMTS is geared to provide higher bandwidth radio access, especially for packet-data-based traffic, in addition to conventional voice services. UMTS can provide maximum bandwidths ranging from 64kb/s - 2Mb/s. Enabling UMTS for different and concurrent high-bandwidth users, thereby reducing cost, will require multicast wireless protocols to be in place.

Multicast wireless technology replaces the older technology with only a few infrastructural changes. To begin with, existing routers must be upgraded to include a specific multicast routing application in place of the older, traditional algorithms. When we speak of wireless multicasting, the most important medium of communication or broadcasting is the omni-directional antennas.

Multicasting is generally conducted through what is known as source-based multicast trees. The multicast tree operates on a number of algorithmic structures. The source-based mediums may need the receiver's addresses and topology data. DVRMP and MOSPF are some of the best examples of the algorithms that are traditionally used in the process, especially for video broadcasting. All wireless broadcasting or multicasting processes are guided by a bunch of multicasting network protocols.

Wireless multicasting technology has triggered a tremendous curiosity in the minds of technocrats across the world. As mentioned earlier, the main reason for this is the rise in the number of mobile service provides, as well as the new functions and applications that are being integrated into mobile networks and wireless Internet connections. Moreover, communication dysfunction is harmful for basic and necessary services like the military, so the introduction of multicast wireless has made staying connected both easier and more effective. Cheaper broadcasting means many television channels can reach out to millions across the globe via IPTV and mobile TV broadcasting. In retrospect, it is clear that the need for multicast wireless was always present, but the realization has set in a bit late.

The purpose of having a wireless multicasting procedure is to maximize the security levels that were often found lacking in wired multicasting. Don't be surprised if you see a constant growth in the quality of various broadcasting services now that they have wireless multicasting to fall back on.

Paul Benson writes on topics such as Multicast Wireless, Bluetooth and MMS for The Tech FAQ.

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Win your way to significant land-based poker tournaments in online qualifiers practically with no risk

2008-06-12T05:52:00.001-07:00

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by Roberto Bell

Broadcasted lanbased poker tourneys enjoy nowadays the largest popularity ever. Not reserved only for United States anymore, lanbased poker tournaments became world wide phenomenon with popularity quickly growing in European countries, Asia and other continents in addition to United States of America.

It is not about World Series anymore, being still the most prestigious though. World Poker Tour (WPT) the original coordinated and broadcasted circuit of poker tournaments (held internationally but mostly in USA) on the globe, enjoys huge reputation all over the world with its popularity still growing like the amount of cities where it was held. EPT (European Poker Tour) and APT (Asian Poker Tour) that are alike World Poker Tour series of broadcasted poker tournaments that are held according to their description in Asia and Europe and their popularity is quickly growing. In addition latest phases of few online tournaments are held as live broadcasted events.

Final table excitement involving skilled and highly experienced pro poker players although frequently alike fortunate debutants draws every single day still more folks to try out the enchantment of the most common poker game the Texas Hold em. The major allurment to try poker is cash, adrenaline and the natural desire to become the winner. Unfortunately a lot of new enthusiastic players end up with having the adrenaline and desire but throwing away their money. This is induced by shortage of knowledge and as well seeing that TV networks compose tournaments that take several days into several hours giving the viewers feeling that any cards might win. It is right but some poker hands will not win often enough to consider them worth playing in some situations. If you are beginner you need to acquire more knowledge and practice. The best way is to start playing at poker sites that offer free poker cash to try them out. You are able to use it to acquire experience and if you have solid poker skills then you can use this free bonuses to qualify for live poker events online.

Most online poker sites give their players opportunity to qualify for the famous broadcasted live events in online satellites. Those ones frequently contain numerous phases enabling these card rooms the ability to offer satellites for as little as penny if not complimentary. Along with special no deposit poker bonuses at few poker sites you also get opportunity to qualify for broadcasted landbased poker events literally free no risk. That could save you thousands of dollars and gain thousand thousands. The buy-in to WSOP main event costs 10,000 USD, if you wish to enter World Poker Tour you have got to buy-in for at least 5,000 USD, European Poker Tour entries cost sort of 8,000 EUR and you can enter APT for Two and a Half Grand. Not even mentioning how much could you win in case that you will be able to squeeze into the money. Over six thousand players were competing last World Series Main Event with top 621 sharing prize money of over Fifty Million.

You should not directly enter costly broadcasted events in case that your bankroll is low or you miss the knowledge needed. Capitalise on free poker money and online satellites from online poker sites instead and you can end up playing for up to millions in hard cash. Certainly it really is not that easy to qualify but the whole knowledge that you obtain on a route is priceless.

If you are interested in further interesting info on online poker rooms check Casinator Gambling Portal - site with the best absolutely free online poker promotions and other incentives also with free no deposit poker bonuses. Players may as well find at this website list of online poker sites which offer both satellites to live events and free poker money no deposit required.

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Multicast Wireless?

2008-06-11T06:33:00.001-07:00

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Understanding Basic Terms in Indoor Fiber Optic Cable Installation

2008-06-10T04:54:00.001-07:00

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by Colin Yao

Fiber optic cables are exposed to electrical, mechanical, chemical and environmental elements, so proper installation is critical for the long-term stability and survival of fiber cables.

Cable installation must also meet the NEC(National Electric Code) and local building codes. NEC indicates that fiber optic cables can be placed in the same raceway, cable tray or enclosure with CATV, telephone, communication circuits and Class 2 and 3 remote control signaling circuits.

Note that you should never put the fiber optic cable in the same enclosure that houses electrical terminations.

What are conduits?

Conduit is a tube or trough for protecting electrical or communication wires and cables. It may be a solid or flexible tube in which cables are run. They house and protect the fiber optic cables as well as any other type of data or communication transmission line.

Underground conduits are also called ducts and consist of one or more conduits spaced closely together. They are often buried directly in the ground in concrete casing. Duct lines terminate in underground vaults called manholes. Conduits are made of fiber, PVC, PE and other materials.

Above ground conduits are made of metal or nonmetal materials. They can be used in exposed or concealed locations aboveground.

Characteristics of a good conduit installation

1.Good mechanical properties to withstand the forces imposed by cable installations
2.Observes fiber optic cables minimum bending radius
3.No sharp edges or bends touches the fiber optic cables throughout the route
4.Meets current and future expansion requirements

What are cable trays?

A cable tray is an assembly of units made of metal or other noncombustible materials that form a continuous, rigid support for fiber cables. Cable trays are used throughout the industry and they greatly simplify the installation of fiber optic cables.

Cable trays come in several different types including ladder type, trough type, channel type and solid-bottom type.

Ladder type cable tray is a metal structure consisting of two longitudinal side rails connected by individual transverse members. The transverse members provide the support for fiber cables.

Trough type cable tray is also a metal structure. It consists of a ventilated bottom and has closely spaced supports within integral or separate longitudinal side rails.

Channel type cable tray consists of a one-piece ventilated or solid-bottom channel section.

Solid-bottom type cable tray is a metal structure that has no openings in the bottom. Integral or separate longitudinal side rails provide the support for the fiber cables.

What are pull boxes?

Pull boxes are used to break up long conduit lengths for easier and lower tension cable pulls.

Pull boxes are usually placed near conduit bends and in long straight runs. You should use at least one pull box after every second 90° bend and in long conduit spans.

When pulling cable out of pull boxes, ensure that the cable's minimum bend radius is always observed. Cable pulled through a corner pull box should first be pulled into a loop since the sharp corner of the pull box can easily damage the cable and the fibers.

Colin Yao is an expert on fiber optic communication technologies and products. Learn more about aerial fiber cable, optic cable aerial, aerial fiber optic cable on Fiber Optics For Sale Co.

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Compressing or archiving what is the difference?

2008-06-06T06:18:00.001-07:00

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by Venderei Tikotzinski

Many people confuse the terms archiving and compressing. While there is some connection between the two they are actually completely two different things. Here is some more information about those terms.

Archiving is a term that usually describes the process in which files are packed into one or more files for backup or for storage for a later use. The word archiving is actually old and was also used back in the days where computers where not available. In the old days archiving meant taking physical files which were a collection of papers and documents putting them in boxes and then storing those boxes in a special place for later retrieval.

A good example of what archiving was used for back then is the archiving of legal documents such as contracts and tax documents. For example after completing the tax reports for a certain year the company has no use for the detailed tax files but the law requires it to save them for a certain period of time usually for 7 years. Most companies would then archive the tax files by simply taking all the relevant tax documents putting them in a box market accordingly and then storing the box in an archive facility usually owned and managed by a third party service company.

In the digital era archiving means the storage of electronic files for later retrieval. It also means that the archived documents are not expected to be used on a regular basis and for that reason they can be stored in a format that is less efficient for retrieval and processing but more efficient in managing a large archive. One such format is known as packing. Packing means that a large group of files such as the year tax documents from the previous example are packed into a single electronic file. The file is named accordingly and usually is very big.

Compressing is the process in which files are converted into a more efficient representation thus requiring less bytes for storage. Compressing is usually done in order to save space when needing to transfer files over a bandwidth limited network when sending files over email or when storing files for backup or future use.

Since archiving involves the process of packing a large number of electronic files into one packed file it also usually includes some sort of compression. Because packed files are very big and are basically stored for future use it makes sense to compress them. By compressing the files in an archive the archive packed file can be smaller and thus easier to manage and store. A smaller files requires less storage space allowing for cost savings.

Archiving does not have to include compression and compression can be done without archiving. When compressing an archive there are two main options for applying the compression mechanism. One is to compress each file just before it is packed into the archive. The other is to first pack all the files and then compress the single pack archive file. There are advantages and disadvantages to each method. In most cases the former is used.

You can read more at 7-Zip Venderei Tikotzinski is a business and Internet writer. Mr. Tikotzinski writes about his expertise in business and Internet. This article can be published as long as the resource box including the backlink is included.

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Care for Your Optical Disks

2008-06-05T06:25:00.000-07:00

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by Andrew Watson

An optical disc is an electronic data storage medium that can be written to and read using a low-powered laser beam. Similar to the other eras, laser technology has also marked its place in the field of data storage also. Optical Disks (CDs and DVDs) provide a pleasure to us for storing and sharing photos, documents, movies and music. Now optical disks have wonderful data storage capacity of up to six gigabytes.

Like other storage media optical disks is no exception. This may happen that you insert your CD for checking few of your files and one or more of your file may refuse to open.

But before going for any solution, we first need to know what has happened exactly? Broadly there can be two categories in which the reasons of data loss can be divided: physical and logical.

Physical Reasons:

o Mishandling the optical disk.
o Development of the scratches over its surface where data is stored.
o Damage due to fire, humidity and high temperature.

Logical Reasons:

o Virus infection.
o Accidental deletion.
o Over compression.
o Improper shutdown of the system.

These are few of the examples through which data loss can happen to optical disks and you would require data recovery for the sake of retrieval of some mission critical data. So before anything can go wrong with these optical disks, you should have a brief idea about how can you care for the data on them:

o While cleaning your disk, use cleaning fluid or clean water and very mild soap.
o Always use the best quality anti-virus program to scan your system before inserting any disk into it for writing.
o While the disk is being burnt, don't ever shut down the system or terminate the program.
o Do not use sharp objects to prevent scratching, not even the disk has got stuck in the tray.

Being a removable and the cheapest storage media, optical disks are widely accepted among the users to store valuable data. They are also used as backup storage media. But due to one or other reasons (either physical or logical), user fall for the need of data recovery. When the lost data was high on the importance curve in his business or personal matters, then the reliable source of data recovery is vital.

Based on the root of dilemma, there are two possible way outs: data recovery services and data recovery software. As mentioned above for the physical basis, data recovery services would be a help for you and for the logical grounds, data recovery software will play a safe part.

Stellar Information System Ltd. is the leading company providing you both the options of data recovery. Data recovery services from these disks and other storage media like hard drives is provided in company's Class 100 Clean Room. Here data recovery experts work at their best level to recover the data from the physically crashed disks.

Data recovery software of Stellar are similar to the services in terms of quality. Data recovery from the windows compatible disks is possible through Stellar Phoenix Windows data recovery software. This data recovery software has several of the option which would allow you to get back your original data like raw file recovery. The 'Live Update' feature of this data recovery software gets the latest update of this software. This data recovery software will scan your media to extract the data from it.

Andrew Watson a student of Mass Communication doing research on data recovery software. He is also a freelancer for http://www.stellarinfo.com

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Importance of Computer Certification Courses in your career

2008-06-04T08:01:00.001-07:00

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by abcotechnology.com

There are many paths to certification and the first step is to do some research. Spend some time defining your current skills, deciding where you want to take your career, and then look at the certifications that are applicable to your goals.

Measuring ones skills and expertise and having a metric to do so is necessary in today's highly competitive fast paced world. Computer certifications exist for a single purpose: to provide a measurable account of a specific set of skills and/or product knowledge. If you are an expert, a certification is proof. If you are not yet an expert, the path you must take to become certified will provide you with the tools to become one. Hence certification is what you need to prove your worth. You may be real good, but how will the world know that? What is the guarantee, proof or degree? Hence the need for certifications!

There is no universally accepted way to prepare for a job as an Information Technology (IT) Professional than through Microsoft Certifications. Although a bachelor's degree is often required and relevant work experience is very important, many people develop their computer skills while working in other fields. The continual study of new technologies is necessary to keep computer skills current. ABCO Technology has Microsoft Certified Trainers that can train students in obtaining Microsoft Certifications which will qualify them for a career advancement opportunity. ABCO has Microsoft Developed and Authorized comprehensive training courses for Professionals who develop and support real world solutions using Microsoft Technologies.

What does free online information technology computer certification training offer that would be beneficial for the student who plans on passing there IT certification exam on the first attempt? Free computer certification training can only take you so far. You will learn the basics but you will not know enough to pass a certification exam. Many Websites will give you free training in order to draw you in, so you will purchase some training material (study guides, online tutoring and practice exam questions).

Many computer institutes have been offering different kinds of online computer training programs to their students. These are specially designed, keeping the industry needs and requirements in mind. As more and more companies require high level and trained IT staff for their companies, it has forced many employees to take up such computer training programs that can improve their career growth in different areas. There are very few resources available online or classroom in which you will be able to find the appropriate certification exam training. Knowing how to take a test and apply the learning that you have acquired is an art that can be learned also. Information technology computer certification exam taking requires skills that you can easily pick-up by using the right exam training material.

Computer training courses can also be useful to those who have a keen interest in this area and wish to take it up as their profession. There are many programs that are offered for students who wish to specialize in different areas giving them good flexibility of learning at their own pace.

The Internet has an abundance of online resources of free and pay practice exam questions about information technology computer certification. There are many companies with high visibility websites that offer free practice exam and test questions to show that they are concerned about giving you some certification training. The practice exam questions that are more relevant to the actual certification exam will require a purchase. These websites are hoping that you will like the free practice test questions so you will want to purchase the detail ones that give you an explanation of the answer.

After attending just a few courses you will begin to develop strategies that can ultimately increase your office's performance drastically. The workflow design that Office allows can help you drive your company into maximum efficiency. After you graduate from a specialized course you can carry a Microsoft certified label that will assist you in gaining the positions you have always dreamed of. So why not jumpstart your new career or give yourself an edge over the competition by signing up for a Microsoft Office training course today!

If you would like to do computer training courses at ABCO Technology, then kindly free to visit our website:- http://www.abcotechnology.com/

Please feel free to visit our website for more information about Computer Courses, Computer Training, Computer Course Training or call us (310)237-5517.

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IT Service Call is a professional web design and database development company

2008-06-02T05:05:00.000-07:00

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by Eddie Robortson

IT Service Call is a professional web design and database development company that is serving their clients of UK since 2004. Hence it's been 3 years, we are providing our creative, effective, professional, user friendly & search engine friendly web sites to the infinite prospective customers all over the UK.

We are reliable web design company that will design your web site in such a way that it will result in producing the good outcome. When designing the web site, our web designers take cares that a web design is complementing the web content so as a result, it can please the targeted population.

With us, you will get the rest assurance of Standard Compliance. Our strategic & certified web designers will carry out the validation of work in an attempt to make certain that their code complies with W3C standards for HTML & CSS and for the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines. Compatibility of the designed web sites in any of the web browser is the added advantage you will get with the IT Service Call.

Through our web design services, thousands of commercial and non-commercial organization's web sites have successfully ranked high in the major search engines, thus maximizing their business in the online community of the world.
If you get the feeling that your site is looking too tired to be get rejuvenated, than do rely on IT Service Call for your web design requirements, whether it has to be formulated Simple, Dynamic, and Ecommerce, Expandable, Corporate or Flash Animated. Our well-experienced web designers will design elegant websites for you at the most affordable rates.

Besides, Web Designing, our designers also specializes in other areas including: Web Development, Web Hosting, and Search Engine Optimization, Computer Repairs/IT Support, Computer Leasing, Internet Services and much more.

http://www.itservicecall.com

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Online IT Certification Offers: There For You and For Your Benefit

2008-05-29T03:18:00.000-07:00

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by E.S. Cromwell

You're an individual who's great with computers and enjoys tweaking with them, tinkering with all their intricate hardware and software capabilities. You've been a computer savant for quite some time making one thing certain about your future - you're an Information Technology (or IT) type of person. And whether you're in a position where you're looking to change your IT career, are currently a displaced IT worker or are simply looking to put your foot through the IT door to start off a fresh career you know you need credentials. And credentials in the IT sector of the working world are more typically known as 'certifications.' And the importance of these are all too significant.

Certification Calling In An IT World That's Evolving

As it is, the IT world is always in constant motion, forever changing, modifying and adapting as linked technologies either get upgraded or end up being completely tossed to the side. So, the importance to be able to blend and, in essence, evolve with certification trends is absolutely vital to do, especially if you're looking to be a competitive and marketable IT professional.

But, Did You Know That Certification Options Are Available Online?

Well, it's true. And if you don't already know or take advantage of online certification opportunities than you certainly should. The benefits are there and readily accessible for you it's merely a matter of seeking them and gaining the esteem and advancement that comes with completing them.

In terms of why these Internet-based certification options are so advantageous is due to a few underlying factors. One - through these online certifications, (you) as the individual pursuing training, are at the whim of your own mental pace and learning environment. Two these online options provide you with expertise in the form of virtual industry-leaders who guide and instruct you. And three (being best of all) - most, if not all, of the online certification courses and training offers out there have a guarantee attached to them simply promising certification indefinitely.

Train & Learn At Your Pace, At Your Place, All With A Guarantee

Time is a precious thing and we're all undoubtedly very busy. And when planning to get further education and certification in the IT world is in full swing, in-house IT courses and training seminars just seem unrealistic to attend. This is where having a multi-media, mobile and non-classroom certification offer proves it's weight in gold. Through online options you'll be able to partake in the e-learning movement

So, through the comfort of your own abode (or wherever you may be, you can recreate a classroom environment with expert instructor-led presentations, tactile simulations and exercises. Essentially, it's like taking an IT course and making it your own to control, being able to sit in on it to learn and practice whenever and wherever. And to make all this that much more appealing, consider that many e-learning IT companies offering these courses guarantee that you will pass with flying colors, leaving you a newly certified or additionally certified IT professional.

Take a look into online IT certification opportunities, select a particular option and before you know it you'll be a certified IT professional with, for instance, either Comp TIA Certification or A+ Certification under your belt.

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The Geforce 9600GT 512 Mb Reviewed

2008-05-15T03:17:00.001-07:00

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by Ross MacIvar

Last month the first in the new NVIDEA 9000 series was launched. The GeForce 9600GT 512 Mb is the first of this new line that saw the light.

This new line of has to replace the whole NVIDIA assortment before summer. It's six moths ago that we had our first view of the 8000 series, so things are moving quickly at this company

We tested the first sibling in this new range of graphics cards the 9600GT. In itself the fact the NVIDIA made the debut with the 9600GT model is unique. Mostly the high end super gaming monsters are the first to see the light. This is a middle class model but has is build around the new G94 GPU, and will be one of the few cards featuring this chip. Both the 9800GT and 9800GTX will be based on the G92 GPU.

The overall design is no revolution. Improvements in performance are great, and the price/quality ratio has gone up. But from a technical point of view there is not much new under the sun.

Both the G94 and G92 GPU's don't support DirectX 10.1 like their competitor Ati Radion with the 3000 series. If this lack of support is a great drawback remains to be seen. Their are no games supporting 10.1 and since the shelf life of a graphics card in the gaming sector is less than 6 months we need not be overcritical at this point.

Both GPU's support PCI 2.0 and Pure Video 2 ( we had already seen this in the G84 and G86). But the new cards are cheaper, faster and have a better energy efficiency.

Although the 9000 series is not the most innovative, fact remains that they are interesting cards. If we compare the new GT9600 with the GT8600 (based on the G84 GPU).

The 9600 stands out with an 256 bits memory bus, while the 8600 had to work with half that amount, 128 bits. That this increase has pronounced effect on the performance stands to reason.

Where the GeForce 8600 had a maximum bandwidth of 32GB/sec the 9600 is capable of 57.6 GB/sec. Further the number of shader processors is doubled compared to the GPU84.

The clock of the 64 unified shaders increased from 1450 Mhz, to 1625 Mhz. The conclusion of this move is that Nvidea now has found a healthy balans between GPU power and memory bandwidth.

The 9600GT has two Dual-Link DVI connections, both HDCP capable. Dell is the only manufacturer that has a display capable of utilizing that possibility with their 24 Inch 2408WP and 30 Inch 3008WFP. Other companies promised to come with compatible models later this year.

Decoding HD imagery is no problem, so blue ray enthusiasts can rest assured. The GT9600 can be placed in double SLI. and beats its competitor the HD 3870 from Ati Radeon on all fronts. Tripple SLI is not possible but we have the feeling that not many of the potential buyers of this card will be interested in such a feature.

A comparison table for different games and resolutions can be found on our site. A strange phenomenon is that the overall energy consumption of the HD3870 X2 is higher with less performance.

To wrap it up, we think that a complete new line in 6 months time is a bit overdoing it, but that NVIDIA did a good job with the Geforce 9600GT 512 Mb. The great never seen before price/performance ratio is the and the consistent beating of the 3870 from Ati makes this card a great choice for the demanding but not overly fanatic gamer.

As soon as we can lay our hands on the 9800 models with will very happy to give them a good spin and find out what their extremes are. With our strange inclination we love to put new cards on the torture table.

Ross reviews new soft and hardware issues for http://www.selected-audio-revieuws.com his writings can be found at our site

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World of warcraft rogue guide

2008-05-14T03:41:00.001-07:00

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by Mark Ardine

Here is something to chew on: nobody really likes a rogue in world of warcraft unless you are the one playing it that is. They have a bad boy reputation that precedes them. However here we shall not indulge in being so petty in judging those sneaky, ugly cowardly pvp cheats that infest the game. Not here.

This is class that is very shadowy, stealthy and agile and adept at melee/close combat damage dealing. As such they are more than a match to both Fury warriors and druids that have a talent tree full of feral abilities. They also have a great selection of weapons that they can use that includes daggers, maces, fist weapons and later on in the levels they are able to specialize in two handed weapons as well as swords.

They do not possess good armor in that they can only wear leather and cloth. Since they are regarded as a melee class you would think that this would be of great disadvantage to them. However this is not the case because they can tap into a large arsenal of other abilities that overcomes this hiccup.

Other than the fact that rogues are able to make themselves invisible so that they can sneak up unnoticed on their victims and enemies, they can stun, disorient and incapacitate opponent during combat. And as soon as they reach level 20 they are boosted in their crippling and maiming abilities by having access to being able to administer no less than five different kind of poisons which when applied to their blades can can instant, to medium and long lasting damage to opponents almost always resulting in the rogue winning a fight or killing their adversary.

What rogues are best at and while they are so good at defeating their opponents is their speed and agility. Mixing their talents with their access to various weapons and the poisons they can administer to enemies, their use of agility, stealth enables rogues time and again to literally rip to shred any opponent come in their way. Speccing your rogue correctly and making proper use of poison, stun abilities etc will no doubt make them continued to be hated. That is unless you are the rogue that is dealing this excruciating pain and frustration on the discerning Wow Player.

Grab the inside secrets in this world of warcraft rogue guide. Here you will know how to power level your rouge to 70 in days as well as: learning the best builds, best weapons, which weapons to use, how to make the most gold, macros and add ons to enhance play and much more.

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Data Backup Plan - Is Your Business Protected With An Online Data Backup?

2008-05-12T18:17:00.001-07:00

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by Nicholas Martens

Most people who use computers would have experienced a data loss of some form or the other and would be able to value the importance of a online data backup. Just a power breakdown or upsurge, when we are working on a computer can cause some data loss. And, depending on the nature of the task we were doing, can be a matter of some aggravation or something more significant like loss of a day's hard work, and most likely, also its revenue.

Whether one is an individual or a business, one of the most valuable assets is the data that we've collected over time - accounting files, contacts and correspondence, contracts, photos, or anything else of value to us or our business. The material value of a computer is probably just a fraction of the value of the data contained within it. This becomes even more magnified when the computer contains data related to one's work or business.

As we all know, things that are beyond our control can happen resulting in our losing our computer or the data stored in it. Hard drive crashes, data corruption, natural disasters, sabotage and human error are all serious threats that can easily destroy years of hard work and the very foundation of any business. Consider the following statistics which are just alarming:

- One in four computers will suffer a serious data loss in a given year (Gartner Group);
- Data loss costs U.S. businesses $12 billion (IDC) a year;
- 70% of small firms that experience a major data loss go out of business within a year (DTI/PriceWaterhouse Coopers.

The above figures reveal how important it is for individuals and businesses to have an online data backup plan to protect their critical data against the myriad of risks like hard drive crashes, corruption, natural disasters, sabotage and human error. The fact is every computer and user is susceptible to these risks and a remote backup is just essential. In case of any calamity, recovering your data is as easy as a few clicks of your mouse.

Though there are traditional methods of data backups, such as backing up data to tapes, zip and external drives, CDs and DVDs, these methods are very tedious, time consuming and unreliable. Studies have shown that over 50% of all tape restores fail! And, to protect against disasters like fire, flood and theft, backup files must be stored at an off-site location but this step is overlooked most times.

It is essential that all small business and individuals who store important data in their computers have a good data backup plan. Any solution that is selected should have an automated, online transfer of files, and to protect from hackers, the file transfers should be done in an encrypted format. The backups should be incremental, that is, only the new files and the files that have changed since the last backup should be transferred. Any good remote backup service, in addition to the above mentioned features, would also provide free 24/7 support.

Nicholas Martens is an IT Consultant. He fully endorses the backup services provided by Remote Data Backups. Avail yourself of their full-featured, FREE 30 Days Trial! No credit card required!

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Whichever Hat You May Wear: Get Paid To Hack With CEH Certification

2008-05-12T14:22:00.001-07:00

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by E.S. Cromwell

Are you a hacker by trade, an individual who enjoys infiltrating through back-door computer processes? If so, and despite your hat wearing status (and excuse the Dr. Seuss-esque sentence here) either being white hate, black hat, blue hat or gray hat- are you aware that there are employment opportunities for you? In fact, and probably to your surprise, there are numerous companies out there actually willing to pick you up and pay you for utilizing your hacking skills. Doubt it? Well don't, because needy companies with weak security sectors are out there and they are in quite an abundance. Truth is that employment options for hackers are quite endless and companies and/or organizations are almost always in need of finding and hiring quality, intelligent and well-versed hackers to safeguard networks and counter outside attempting hacking forces.

A Mindset To Infiltrate: Both Company and Hacker Based Thinking

Companies and organizations looking to safeguard their networks are thinking in their best and safest interests (of course), and in a very well thought out manner, no less. What's happening on the company end is a direct hunt - companies are sniffing around and going directly to the source (hackers) to combat the source. Essentially, going to the source entails pinpointing hackers, hiring them and using their minds and experience to battle against outside hacking attempts that can literally bombard a company in an instant.

Realization of Using Hackers Against Hackers

The question to ask is "How have companies come to realize such an advantageous opportunity of company-based hacker vs. self-employed hacker to better shield them?" The answer is quite clear cut. Companies have discerned that the notion of actually stopping hackers from invading their networks is a matter of infiltrating the hackers' minds first, seeing how they think and operate. Only here, invading minds is more so, and rather, an action of adopting minds. The difference is that companies are hiring e-minds already adept in the world of hacking, simply to do what they best - hack, break through impossible security walls and simply be, covertly effective. But, more poignantly, the intent on hiring current or once active hackers is to monitor and safeguard company networks and their online histories, shielding them from exterior and ill-intentioned hacking actions.

What Does All This Mean To You, Mr. Or Mrs. Hacker?

Well, it means that if you'd actually enjoy getting paid to hack and/or work whilst hacking, you can. It's merely a matter of going through some necessary steps and attaining your CEH (Certified Ethical Hacking) Certification. As a CEH certified individual you will be required, as well as trusted, to undertake some weighted responsibilities. Of these, the main focus lies in putting forth attempts to penetrate computer systems or networks using the same approaches and methods that any normal hacker would also use. More or less, as an Ethical Hacker you will attack a security system on behalf of it owners (which is completely legal), namely targeting vulnerable points any other outside, malicious hacker could easily squeeze through. So, rather than exploit weak spots (as you would have used to do), you will find them and notify your company for instantaneous correction. Your part will be to employ preventative measures to help prepare against attemptive security breaches.

So, why not put your hacking skill to use and make them, marketable? Get your CEH certification today and start, oddly enough, hacking your way to a successful career.

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Spyware Remover - Choosing the Right Software

2008-05-09T03:29:00.001-07:00

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by Kris H.

Spyware is software that installs itself onto our computers without our knowledge. You have probably been a victim of spyware if you notice changes in your computer such as extreme slowness or a change in your browser settings that you have not made. Spyware can cause a lot of little annoyances to your computer and the best thing to do is remove it fast and prevent it from happening with a good spyware removal software.

Choosing a good spyware remover can take a bit of time as you want to choose one that is going to be easy to use and get the job done. The first place to conduct your research is by searching for software reviews online. Reviews can be helpful if they are written by actual users who have really put the software through its paces. Beware of the reviews that find nothing wrong with the software as they are probably only pushing the product to make a sale. A good review will point out its strengths as well as its weaknesses.

The criteria that you should use to determine whether or not the spyware software is of good quality are relatively simple. First off, is it user friendly? There is nothing worse than installing the software and being overwhelmed with a ton of features that will take you months to figure out. There are many good programs available that keep the average computer user in mind - keeping the software as user friendly as possible.

You will also want to consider how well the software runs in the background. A good spyware remover will hum along unnoticed in the background without slowing down your computer, allowing you to continue working while it is doing its job. Check to see if the software also provides monitoring for spyware in "real time." This is critical as there are new spyware programs invading the internet every day.

It will also help to find out if the spyware software has won any awards or has been recognized for its product. Any good spyware removal product worth its salt will readily admit to not being able to clean up the spyware on your computer in just one use. It may take several runs of the software to achieve this as well as several software updates. If a program claims they can achieve this after one run, they are more than likely making false claims. The software should also download regular updates at least every few days.

Customer service is also a huge deciding factor. If you run into an issue that is just beyond your capabilities, it is good to know that you can call customer service and have them walk you through your issue. A good customer support team will contact you within a matter of hours via email or by phone.

Besides installing your spyware software as a preventative measure, also remember to avoid downloading software that you are not sure of. If you don't need it or it isn't a legitimate product, chances are its only purpose is to embed spyware onto your computer.

Begin to remove spyware from your computer today by reading reviews on top brand spyware removal software.

Article Source: Spyware Remover - Choosing the Right Software

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Access the Safest Address to Download Free Games for PSP

2008-05-08T05:40:00.001-07:00

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by Vikas SEO

The PlayStation Portable or call it PSP, is a handheld gaming console developed by Sony, the Japanese electronics giant. The system was launched on December 12, 2004 and known as the first handheld video game system to use an optical disc format. Since its launch, the entertainment system has been successful in arousing interest of game lovers, who live and eat game. Today, a game crazy has access to innumerable PSP games, but purchasing them in bulk demands a good amount of money. Here comes World Wide Web with an array of solutions that assist you to go for PSP games within your budget. It is also the gateway to download free games for PSP. Read on.

Well, search engines made it easy. Thanks to gurus like Google, Yahoo and MSN, who provides searchers with thousands of information just according to their requirements. A simple search like 'download games for PSP' may end up with countless references of websites that deal with PSP games and related activities. Click one by one, see what they offer and judge whether they are meeting your needs or not. Generally; a user while searching out PSP games stumbles upon sites, who claim to offer free PSP games. Can you count on them? Probably, the right answer is 'No'. Here's why it's so.

Generally, a user during downloading free games for PSP encounters two types of problems. The download speed is too slow to do and the computer gets filled with spyware and adware. So, it's good to leave them and go for something that promises enhanced satisfaction. In this context comes the reference of sites, who demand a small amount of money to download free games for PSP. Apart from downloading free games for PSP, these user friendly sites also give users a chance to mull over other PSP stuff like movies, music, wallpapers and themes to name a few. Information shared with those sites passes securely using the strongest possible encryption. You can believe them for downloading free games for PSP just by spending little amount of money.

Onlinedownloads.org is highly recommended for Download Free Games for PSP, because all PSP Games is an excellent choice not only for Free PSP Games but also for PSP Movies and Music.

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Logitech Computer Peripherals

2008-05-07T07:29:00.001-07:00

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by Mohit Sharma

The keyboard and the mouse are two very important components of a computer as they are used most often. There are several brands and features of mouse and keyboard are available in the market. We can buy them in any color we find useful for us. Now a days Logitech is a well known name in computer peripheral items.

Logitech Value Pack: Quickcam, Optical Mouse, Keyboard, Speakers

Features:
Logitech Quick Cam:
Quality CIF CMOS webcam
Attractive 'eyeball' shape product design
Simple installation and easy to use Quickcam application
Compatible with all major online messaging application
Desktop base
Video capture 640 x 480 pixels
Upto 30 frame per second live video
Logitech Optical Mouse:
Experience smoother, more accurate cursor control
1000 dpi sensitivity for smoother, more accurate cursor control
Scroll side to side and zoom in or out effortlessly ideal for viewing digital photos and spreadsheets
No software necessary; just plug it into your PS/2 port
Enjoy maximum comfort in either hand
Logitech Keyboard:
This Logitech Easy Keyboard is an excellent choice for those who require a simple, but stylish and reliable keyboard
The standard key layout provides just the right comfortable silent touch!
This compact keyboard features full-size, responsive keys, which provides an exceptional touch
Start typing and it just feels right!
Integrated palm-rest for increased comfort
When you pull out the folding keyboard legs, the keyboard can increase in tilt by about 6 degree. Designed to let liquid flow through
Protection in case of accidental spills
Keyboard should not be immersed in liquid
This compact keyboard features full-size, responsive keys, which provides an exceptional touch. Start typing and it just feels right!
Logitech Speakers:
The Logitech R-10 2.0 speakers enhance your games, movies, and music
They offer optimal audio in a sleek, compact design and connect easily to PCs, CD and MP3 players thanks to a plug & play feature
Volume control and a headphone jack are conveniently located
The satellites are shielded to enable interference-free usage near a PC monitor or TV
Warranty: 1 Year Logitech Warranty

There are many online Computers Peripherals shops are on the net where you can buy these computer peripherals online.

Mohit Sharma is a well known writer and has expertise in writing articles on laptop accessories, low price laptops

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Cisco CCNP Certification Exam Tutorial: Knowing RADIUS and TACACS+ For Your ISCW Exam

2008-05-06T03:17:00.001-07:00

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by Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933

As part of your CCNP certification exam studies, particularly for the ISCW exam, you need to be very clear on the differences between TACACS+ and RADIUS.

As a CCNA and future CCNP, you've already configured authentication in the form of creating a local database of usernames and passwords for both Telnet access and PPP authentication. This is sometimes called a self-contained AAA deployment, since no external server is involved.

It's more than likely that you'll be using a server configured for one of the following security protocols:

TACACS+, a Cisco-proprietary, TCP-based protocol

RADIUS, an open-standard, UDP-based protocol originally developed by the IETF

An obvious question is "If there's a TACACS+, what about TACACS?" TACACS was the original version of this protocol and is rarely used today.

Before performing AAA Authentication configuration, there are some other TACACS+ / RADIUS differences you should be aware of:

While TACACS+ encrypts the entire packet, RADIUS encrypts only the password in the initial client-server packet.

RADIUS actually combines the authentication and authorization processes, making it very difficult to run one but not the other.

TACACS+ considers Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting to be separate processes. This allows another method of authentication to be used (Kerberos, for example), while still using TACACS+ for authorization and accounting.

RADIUS does not support the Novell Async Services Interface (NASI) protocol, the NetBIOS Frame Protocol Control protocol, X.25 Packet Assembler / Disassembler (PAD), or the AppleTalk Remote Access Protocol (ARA or ARAP). TACACS+ supports all of these.

RADIUS implementations from different vendors may not work well together, or at all.

RADIUS can't control the authorization level of users, but TACACS+ can.

We'll discuss the uses of both of these protocols in a future CCNP certification tutorial! Look for more CCNA, CCENT, and CCNP tutorials right here on this same website!

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage, home of free CCNP certification and CCNA certification tutorials, The Ultimate CCNA Study Package, and Ultimate CCNP Study Packages. Visit his blog, which is updated several times daily with new Cisco certification articles, free tutorials, and daily CCNA / CCNP exam questions! A free 7-part course, "How To Pass The CCNA", is also available. Pass the ISCW exam with The Bryant Advantage!

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Free Registry Fix - Computer Maintenance, All For Free

2008-05-02T04:50:00.001-07:00

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by A Singh

So it is important for the user to keep the files intact and safe and use tools for free registry fix. Any deletion or modification of these files can corrupt the windows operating system or cause errors in the files loaded in the system. All windows based operating systems have registry files, which are hidden inside the hard disk of the system.

See How Important The Registry Is

These registry files contain information on setting and option of Windows which are based on 32 bit version and Windows 64 bit version and includes Windows 95, 98, ME and NT. The database of all files is important from the point of view of the performance of the computer system settings. A small change in the registry can result in crash of the computer system. Any change made to the software or hardware gets highlighted in the registry files and it then becomes extremely difficult to fix windows registry. Even the option of free registry fix does not help. Any change made to control panel settings, or system policies, or installed software, or any file association is automatically saved and stored in the registry of the computer.

Save Originals Before Fixing The Problem

Plenty of times users themselves try to use registry fix free offers that can be seen online. In many cases, they don't possess adequate knowledge. In a try to fix, problem and enhance the computer speed, they unknowingly delete some important files which are then not easily recoverable. So the users are advised to save the registry and thereafter make any changes on it. The registry files are stored in different location in the hard disk. Storage of registry files differs in different versions of window registry. A registry file is saved in a directory and it has two hidden files under Windows 95 and Windows 98 versions. So, no matter you are using free registry fix to sort out the problem, get all related necessary information.

Now days, a user can purchase the software to remove malicious files, virus or fix registry errors on the system. These softwares are easily available for that can be tried online before users buy them. Apart from this, free registry fix program software is also available that a user can use to fix registry files without paying even a penny. Despite not knowing fully, users try to access registry files and this causes havoc. So, better stay away from limited information and gather all knowledge before you actually start working on the problem.

Registry Fix Mantra is a complete defense and repair system against existing and potential problems of windows system. Learn how Free Registry Fix cleans your system and enhances it's performance. To know more about the system visit Registry Fix features.

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Useful Halo 3 Equipments

2008-04-30T05:09:00.001-07:00

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by Edwin A

There are many types of equipments available in Halo 3. Some of the equipments are used for defense while others are for inflicting damages on the Covenant troops. The equipments are scattered throughout the missions.

The Bubble Shield when dropped will generate a dome-shaped force field around the player. It can protect anyone inside the Bubble Shield by preventing gunfire from penetrating the shield. However, anyone including the enemies can just walk through it. Grenades except the Spike grenades, just bounces off the shield. The shield will fade after about 30 seconds or when it suffers high amount of damage. The shield can be deactivated immediately by destroying the device. You can use the Bubble Shield when you suddenly find yourself under fierce gunfire.

The Portable Gravity Lift when activated will generate a force field, which will propel upwards, anyone who steps on it. It is great for reaching high perches or scaling walls. You can use the Gravity Lift to jump to a higher ground to escape from a pursuing Chieftain. You need it to jump up to a high platform to get the Cowbell Skull in The Ark mission.

Another useful equipment is the Cloaking device. With this device, you can be invisible for around twelve seconds. It is great when you are facing weapon-wielding enemies in a narrow walkway or trying to get out of a tight spot. It is best to move quickly away after activating the Cloaking device. You can still melee and toss grenades without being visible, but firing your weapons will affect your visibility.

The Invincibility device is another equipment to get out of tight situations. Once activated, you will be impervious for ten seconds, to all forms of attack including a strike from a Gravity Hammer. However, falling from a great height will still kill you.

Edwin A. - To read more on Halo 3 Walkthrough, Tips and Strategies, please visit: Ultimate Halo 3 Cheats

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Know more about the Windows XP system tools

2008-04-29T04:51:00.001-07:00

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by anjna sharma

Well, we all have been there. We turn on our computer (boot up) getting ready to type that school report, or business presentation and guess what, our computer just does not want to work today. Whether it's the word processor, spreadsheet, or financial package that isn't working, most people do not know that Microsoft Windows XP has a built in feature that just may come and save the day. That feature is called "System Restore."

Basically, System Restore is like a little hound that runs behind the scenes taking "snapshots" of various parts of the Microsoft Windows XP operating system. So, if a part of Microsoft Windows XP stops working one day, the System Restore utility is able to reference one of the "snapshots" it took and restore your system from a previous day (a day when your computer worked). It's kind of like going back in time to a day when your computer worked. All your current data (Microsoft Word files, etc.) are still retained, so you don't have to worry about losing any present day files.

In order to restore your computer just follow these simple steps:

1. Close any open programs.
2. Click on the Windows "Start" button (normally located on the bottom of your computer desktop)
3. Click on "All Programs"
4. Click on "Accessories"
5. Click on "System Tools"
6. Then click on "System Restore"
7. At this point the System Restore wizard will launch. You will have two options:

a. "Restore my system from an earlier date"
b. "Create a system restore point"

If you just need to restore your system and get it working correctly again, just select option "a" and click "Next."

8. On this screen you can select a date from the calendar that you would like to try and restore from. So, if you knew that your computer worked fine two days ago, just pick that date on the calendar and click "Next."
9. The next screen is the confirmation window. Just verify the information on the screen and click "Next." Windows XP will then reboot and try to restore your system with the settings from the date you selected.

The System Restore process can take anywhere from 10 to 30 minutes depending on how much reconfiguration Windows XP needs to do and how fast of a PC you have. When System Restore is done, a screen wills popup with the results of the restore. If it was successful, you can then log into the system and start using the computer again. Any quirky issues that you were having are now hopefully gone.

Now, on step 7b above, I mentioned the "Create a system restore point" option. This option is for when you want to force Windows XP to take a snapshot of your system just before you install a program or alter any system settings that you are not sure of. It is like a safety net for when you install any internet programs (sometimes riddled with spy ware) or system drivers (video, audio, etc). If you want to revert back to a virgin state just create a restore point "before" installing any software. This way, if your machine starts acting weird, you can just restore your settings from the selected point.

With a little practice, the System Restore utility is easy to use and a great way to help ensure the safety of your computer.

Did you find this article useful? For more useful tips and hints, points to ponder and keep in mind, techniques, and insights pertaining to computer tips, do please browse for more information at our websites.

www.infozabout.com www.computertips.infozabout.com

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Cisco CCNA, CCNP, And CCENT Practice Questions: MAC Addresses, BGP, And More!

2008-04-28T07:02:00.001-07:00

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by Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933

Let's test your knowledge of the MAC OUI, BGP attributes, DHCP Snooping, and other vital Cisco certification exam topics!

CCNA And CCENT Exam:

Short answer: In the MAC address aa-bb-cc-11-22-33, what portion is the OUI?

Answer: aa-bb-cc. The first half of the MAC address is the Organizationally Unique Identifier.

CCNP Certification / BSCI Exam:

Identify the optional transitive BGP attributes.

A. origin

B. next-hop

C. LOCAL_PREF

D. AS_PATH

E. aggregator

F. atomic aggregate

G. community

H. MED

Answer: E, G. Community and aggregator are the two transitive optional BGP attributes, "transitive" meaning that their values will be carried from one AS to another. MED is the only optional non-transitive attribute.

CCNP Certification / BCMSN Exam:

Short answer: Briefly describe the purpose and operation of DHCP Snooping.

Answer: DHCP Snooping is a method of detecting rogue DHCP servers and minimizing or eliminating their impact on the network. DHCP Snooping determines whether a DHCP device is trusted or untrusted, and only DHCP messages from trusted devices are passed through the switch.

CCNP Certification / ISCW Exam:

Short answer: What term is used to describe a router with some interfaces in a "normal" IP network, and other interfaces in a Multiprotocol Label Switching network?

Answer: This is an Edge Label Switch Router, or Edge LSR.

CCNP Certification / ONT Exam:

Short answer: What is the default DSCP setting?

Extra credit: Of the 8 bits in the ToS field, which bits comprise the DSCP?

Answers: The default DSCP setting is zero. From left to right, the first six bits of the ToS field comprise the DSCP value (the six "most significant bits").

Look for more free Cisco certification exam questions on this same website!

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage, home of free CCNP and CCNA tutorials, The Ultimate CCNA Study Package, and Ultimate CCNP Study Packages. You can also visit his blog, which is updated several times daily with new Cisco certification articles, free tutorials, and daily CCNA / CCNP exam questions! A free 7-part course, "How To Pass The CCNA", is also available. Earn your CCNA certification with The Bryant Advantage!

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Six Ways to Extend Your Laptops Battery Life

2008-04-25T03:03:00.001-07:00

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by C. Smith

Here are six ways you can make your laptop's battery last longer.

Turn your brightness down. A bright screen can drain your battery.

Defragment your hard drive. Defragmenting your hard drive reorganizes all the files stored there so that they can be used more efficiently. The more efficiently your computer can access and activate files, the less battery power you'll use.

Run one program at a time. The more programs you have running, the more quickly your battery will run down.

Take care of your battery. Don't leave your laptop battery exposed to extreme temperatures or direct sunlight.

Use hibernatenot standby. Standby mode still uses power. Hibernate, on the other hand, saves your system settings as they areand then switches off the power.

Avoid using your disc drive. Save the information you're using on disc to your hard drive and use it from there.

Laptops are convenient and portablebut only when you can depend on them to last as long as you need. Take steps to extend your laptop's battery life, and you're less likely to run out of power when you need it.

C.Smith works for the UK based IT company on365. On365 provide a range of IT solutions for business including UPS protection and server rooms. Visit http://www.on365.co.uk/ for more information.

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Data Storage Devices

2008-04-24T03:04:00.000-07:00

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by James Walsh

Optical Disks are currently the reigning monarch of portable data storage devices and are very popular with computer users. First introduced about 20 years ago, the optical disk technology has matured over time and become extremely reliable. Their costs have crashed too, with each disk costing almost as much as a floppy diskette. Also, they have capacities as high as 4.6 GB which is more than sufficient for the data storage needs of most computer users. There is hardly any other storage device available in the market today that gives such a fantastic combination of price, reliability and capacity as optical disks.

Optical disks are of two types: compact disks (CDs) and digital video disks (DVDs). The former were the first ones to be introduced, with a capacity of about 700 MB. CDs are today the portable storage media of choice for most computer and laptop users. Some years later, DVDs arrived in the market. These have a capacity of 4.6 GB that is more than sufficient to hold a full-length Hollywood movie.

The optical disks are used in tandem with an optical drive that is attached to a computer CPU. Once a disk is inserted into the drive tray, it is spun at a high speed by the drive motor. A read / write head that can move back and forth reads the data that resides on the disk surface as a pattern of microscopic pits. This is done by the medium of a laser emitted by the head which can not only emit it but also read it once it bounces back from the disk surface.

USB Drives

USB (Universal Serial Bus) drives are the latest data-storage devices to hit the market. These do not need stand-alone drives like optical disks. Instead, you simply insert the drive into the USB port of a computer or laptop, and it is ready to be used. Data can be saved to or extracted from the drive by the simple expedient of "drag and drop." The USB drives, which are small enough to be dangled by the end of a key chain (hence also called "key chain drives") are made up of a tough protective plastic shell inside which exists a flash-memory chip. All data resides inside this chip. There are no moving parts or a motor.

The USB drive technology is maturing very quickly. Already, the latest USB drives have a capacity of 12 GB, which is about three times higher than a DVD. Those with a capacity of 1 GB to 8 GB are available quite cheaply. USB drives offer many benefits over other devices. They have no moving parts, so there is no friction or energy consumption. They are quite small and easily transportable. You can copy and recopy data on them thousands of times without any problem. As their capacities go up and prices crash, USB drives are emerging as the storage technology with a bright future. Already, Sony has launched a laptop in the market that has a 60 GB flash-memory drive instead of a hard disk.

Portable Hard Disks

These are identical to the fixed hard disks found screwed inside a computer CPU, but made portable. The manufacturers try to build them as light and reliable as they can, and that is the reason why the market for portable hard drives is growing at a healthy rate.

These disks are small and thin enough to fit inside a shirt pocket. They connect to a computer CPU through the USB port. Most of these come with an automatic data-backup software that takes automatic backups of files. The main benefits of portable hard disks are their random access and huge storage capacities of up to 500 GB.

Tape Drives

Tape drives have been around for many decades now and are still going strong. A tape drive system uses the tried-and-trusted magnetic tape technology to store data. It has two main parts the drive and the cartridges. The latter are made of plastic and carry a long and thin ream of magnetic plastic tape inside. This is the actual data-recording surface.

The cartridge is inserted into the tape drive where the spools are spun by the drive motor, moving tape from one spool to another. The tape moves past a read / write head, making full physical contact. The head has an electro-magnet that accesses and modifies data on the tape. A tape drive gives sequential access to data. These are ideal for archival storage of data because they are very cost-effective.

James Walsh is a freelance writer and copy editor. If you are concerned about data loss and would like more information on Data Recovery see http://www.fields-data-recovery.co.uk

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Making System Management Simple From A Distance

2008-04-23T03:30:00.001-07:00

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by Ajeet Khurana

Many people are finding that the way to run their business is through remote infrastructure management. This allows for individuals to run their business or their system even when they are away from it.

This is like having a service desk on the line at all times and ensuring that your networks are running properly 24 hours a day. This seems extreme to a lot of people, but when you rely on your network to run your business, it isn't extreme at all.

Many businesses spend endless hours and excessive amounts of money paying for people to maintain their infrastructure for them. The great thing about infrastructure management is that there are people there all the time that are looking out for the network and always ensuring that it is operating at its very best.

This is done remotely so even when the office is closed things can be repaired, slow servers can be noticed and repaired, and when the office reopens in the morning everyone will find that their systems work exactly the way they should, and they are none the wiser of any problems that existed or were repaired the night before.

Remote management means that you are paying an individual or provider to monitor your networks at all times. This means trusting someone, but it also means that you don't have to wait for something to go wrong to call someone in to help you. It also means that a problem can be fixed as soon as it pops up, instead of waiting for it to grow and grow and possibly have a domino effect on the whole system, slowing or shutting everything down.

Many companies go with remote infrastructure management because it is more cost effective. While you have to pay for the service, you may find that the basic service to have the system monitored is very low and even when there is a problem that needs to be addressed it is more cost effective to have the problem fixed remotely instead of having someone come out to the office and fix the problem.

There are many service desk providers that will also provide remote monitoring and management options. This is a great option for any business that wants their network to be secure and run at optimum speeds and levels at all times.

Many are afraid of how much this type of service will cost, but when you look at it and really think about how much you have to pay for someone to come in and fix things once they have gone wrong you will find that these services are worth every penny that you pay for them, perhaps even more!

Any service worth having is an expense, but when the benefits of having the service outweigh the costs associated with them, then you know that you are making a great business decision and that is why so many businesses are taking that leap and purchasing remote management services.

It's important to have excellent service in technology. So rely on us for remote infrastructure management to carry the functions smoothly. Also for efficient service desk and single point of contact.

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Controlling the installation of software products in an enterprise

2008-04-21T03:42:00.001-07:00

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By Ivan Abramovskiy

On the market there are a lot of products that help users install and reinstall their operating systems and software. First of all, this software includes backup systems, software for creating images with operating systems and software, the systems for creating installation scripts manually. Why is MultiSet from the Almeza company different from this software?

1. Installing software on already exiting systems.

Every enterprise has a quite large number of computers with a lot of software installed on them. But if the enterprise buys new computers, they often have an operating system already installed on them. It is impossible to use backups and images with operating systems and software in this case. MultiSet can install software on already existing systems as fast as possible.

2. Automatically creating installation scripts.

Unlike in case of manual script creation systems, the user who uses Almeza MultiSet does not have to write a script. MultiSet generates it automatically. The software works as a recording device. It is enough to install an application just once while MultiSet is running in the record mode. MultiSet will remember all actions and generate an automatic installation script after the installation is over. If necessary, it is possible to edit the script. The advantages are that no special knowledge is required and no special training in some particular scripting language is necessary for the staff.

3. Creating a software installation set for remote installation.

With MultiSet, it is very easy to create a software set that can be installed over the network. If the enterprise owns several buildings or is geographically distributed, the advantages of remote installation are obvious. First, there is no need to be present in all buildings in person. Second, there is no need to have an additional employee in a remote office or building.

4. Creating a disk for automatic installation of the operating system and software.

You can use Almeza MultiSet to create automatic operating system and software installation disks of various types.

a. Automatic software installation disk
b. Automatic Windows installation disk
c. Automatic Windows and software installation disk.

5. Quickly recovering employees' workplaces.

Employees working for a company are often specialists in their fields, but they are not competent in the IT field. So computers may suffer careless use, a virus attack or a system failure. With MultiSet, it is possible to quickly recover the workplace of an accountant, a manager or a secretary.

With the above advantages of MutiSet, you will save a considerable amount of time and money!

Ivan Abramovsky is cofounder of Unattended Installation Systems. The company's flagship product MultiSet has become a "must-have-software" in homes and offices in more than 60 countries. http://www.almeza.com

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Cisco CCNA And CCNP Practice Questions: Static Routing, EIGRP, And More!

2008-04-18T04:56:00.001-07:00

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By Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933

Let's test your knowledge of static routes, EIGRP, wildcard masks, and other important Cisco exam topics!

CCENT Certification:

What command creates a default static route that uses the local router's serial0 interface as the exit interface?

Answer: ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 serial0

CCNA Certification:

Which of the following wildcard masks or words would be used in an ACL line that should match one and only one IP address?

A. any

B. host

C. 0.0.0.0

D. 255.255.255.255

Answer: B, C. A wildcard mask of 0.0.0.0 has the same effect as the word "host". Any line with either one of those values will match only the particular IP address named in the line.

CCNP Certification / BSCI Exam:

Short answer: By default, what percentage of an interface's bandwidth can EIGRP use?

Answer: By default, EIGRP can use up to 50% of an interface's bandwidth.

CCNP Certification / BCMSN Exam:

Short answer: At what layer of the Cisco three-layer model should a network's root bridges be found?

Answer: The Core layer.

CCNP Certification / ISCW Exam:

Short answer: What is the minimum length of a Cisco router password?

Answer: One character. It's the minimum length, but not a recommended length. ;)

CCNP Certification / ONT Exam:

Which of the following are best to use when optimizing video tranmission flows?

A. LLQ

B. TCP Header Compression

C. WFQ

D. RTP Header Compression

Answers: A, D. LLQ works well with voice due to the reserved priority queue, and RTP header compression is a good choice with voice as well.

Look for more Cisco certification exam questions on this website!

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage, home of free CCNP and CCNA tutorials, The Ultimate CCNA Study Package, and Ultimate CCNP Study Packages. You can also visit his blog, which is updated several times daily with new Cisco certification articles, free tutorials, and daily CCNA / CCNP exam questions! A free 7-part course, "How To Pass The CCNA", is also available. Earn your CCNA certification with The Bryant Advantage!

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Introduction to Networking

2008-04-17T03:29:00.001-07:00

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by Loretta A. Steele

To introduce networking, let's start with "wired" networking as a foundation. Wired networking has some basic components that will help you when you deal with "wireless" networking.

We will lay the groundwork so that you can build upon your understanding of networking. I won't bore you with a dry, techie filled presentation of this topic. My intention is present networking in a basic straightforward and entertaining way. Ok, let's start building our groundwork.

If I met you on the street, there might be a handshake, eye contact, a simple nod of recognition. A simple three-step process to communicating, we're establishing a connection.

What happens when computer A needs to communicate with computer B. Is there a handshake, eye contact, or a simple nod of recognition? Yes and no, obviously human behavior is not like computers. However, the two computers need to establish a connection for communicating. What "behaviors" would computers have to begin there talk?

Starting with a handshake, the two computers would have a cable connected between them. Eye contact would be the network interface cards or NICs in each computer. In addition, the nod of recognition would be baseband communications. How did I arrive at this analogy? Let me break this down into three parts.

First the handshake, a means of connecting. Remember we are discussing wired networking. A wire or cable is the means of connecting computer A and computer B. Because our analogy consists of just two connect computers, we will use a special type of cable called a cross-over cable.

The standard Ethernet cable contains eight wires. The colors of the wires are: orange/white, orange, green/white, blue, blue/white, green, brown/white, and brown. The pinouts, 1 through 8, would match from one networked device to another networked device. However, a network consisting of just two devices like our example, the pinouts are crossed. Note the different in our diagram below:

At each computer, the cable must be attached to something. What is the attachment?

Our second part is eye contact, the network interface cards [ NICs] our attachment. Eye contact is recognition of the handshake. Would you talk to someone who shakes your hand but wouldn't make eye contact? Eye contact is acknowledgement between the parties. There are three things to know about a NIC. Number 1, it attaches a computer to the network. Number 2, the NIC allows the computer to participate in sending and receiving data. Number 3, each NIC has a unique identifier called a Media Access Control address, or MAC address for short. The MAC address is the ID for each networked device. Back to our human analogy, we all have different forms of identification, maybe a diver's license number or social security number. These are identifiers in our society.

Part three, the nod of recognition. A simple nod between us is the beginning of our communication or talk. I acknowledge you and you return the acknowledgement, now we start talking. So far, we have our two computers, their NICs, and one cable. Talking or sending data over the cable will be accomplished through Baseband communication.

What is baseband? Baseband is a signaling method describing how frequencies are transmitted. Baseband communication is used in many applications, such as;

Transmission over twisted-pair cables, like Computer A and B
Local area networks (LANs) and metropolitan area networks (MANs) operating at 10-100 Mb/s using coaxial cable or optical fiber.

Broadband communications, on the other hand, is frequently used in a more technical sense to refer to data transmission where multiple pieces of data are sent simultaneously to increase the effective rate of transmission, regardless of actual data rate. In network engineering, broadband is used for methods where two or more signals share a medium.
The various forms of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) services are broadband in the sense that digital information is sent over a high-bandwidth channel, whereas baseband is over a single pair of wires.
Back to our two computers. It looks like we are ready to communicate. We now have the two computers, with their NICs installed, a cross-over cable between then, and baseband to make communications possible. A handshake, eye contact, and the nod of recognition, we're ready.

Loretta A. Steele, MCP, MCSE, over 25 years of computer experience in network design, installation, maintenance and training, technical support and programming. www.lincolnsteele.com

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Popup maker and popup generator. Free exit popup hover ad generator, popup creator and unblockable popup.

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HP Laser Toner Cartridges

2008-04-16T04:38:00.001-07:00

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by natishanel

For the last few years HP Laser toner cartridges have been popular all over the world. Some people are willing to pay more than double to have them in the inventory stock. Sometimes the cost is much more than what you have purchased the printer for! But then the HP Laser toner cartridges last more than five years and they are cost effective in the long run. The printing quality has already been proven to be fantastic.

Laser printers like photocopiers and fax machines use a powder instead of the inkjet. This is called the toner. It is used to print text and pictures on special laser paper. Unlike inkjet cartridges that use liquid ink, the laser toner at one time used carbon powder. Some models do not support other generic cartridges. The manufacturing company produces disposable cartridges. Refills are made by generic cartridge companies. As the technology has now advanced the carbon particles are mixed in a polymer. The polymer particles melt in the heat and produce the text and image on suitable paper. The main parts of the laser printers are the toner and the drum. The later is charged with electrostatic energy to attract the toner. The negatively charged drum connects with the positively charged toner. The toner is transferred to the paper. The wax, with which the toner is made, melts in the heat. It also dries simultaneously. As the toner gets transferred, the fuser gives heat and pressure. This results in a beautiful eternal image.

EnduranceToner.com is your top online source for buying HP laser toner cartridges for printers, fax & copier machines. Models include Deskjet, LaserJet, OfficeJet, PhotoSmart and more.

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World of Warcraft Karazhan Raid Guide: The Curator

2008-04-15T02:57:00.001-07:00

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by Adam Fox

If you're looking for a Karazhan Guide and Walkthrough for The Curator, then this is where it's at.

The Curator is the first of two bosses in Karazhan that drop T4 gear. He is not an optional boss.. He can give raids a bit of trouble, but remember that practice makes perfect.

Ideal Group Composition:
1 Main Tank
3 Healers
6 Good DPS

Most of your raid will probably be in at least 5-6 epics if not more before you can consistently kill The Curator. Your DPS needs to be strong as you need to be able to kill the Arcane Flares he summons within 10 seconds or you will get overwhelmed by them.

NOTE: Be extremely careful when you first go in to The Curator's hall because he has a very large aggro radius.

The positioning for this fight is fairly straightforward. Line up all your ranged DPS and healers against the wall in The Curator's room. They should all be spread apart roughly in a semi-circle. The tank will then pull the Curator about 30 yards away from the ranged DPS in the middle of the hall.

For most of the fight The Curator summons Astral Flares to attack the raid at a rate of one every 10 seconds. All DPS needs to attack these for most of the fight. Whenever there is a flare, DPS needs to be attacking the flare.

Periodically, The Curator will turn blue and use Evocation to restore his mana. While he is blue he doesn't attack anyone and takes 200% damage. He does this for 20 seconds, then goes back to shooting Astral Flares again. When he is Evocating is when your DPS will attack him. DPS must also remember to stay on Astral Flares until the last one is dead, even when he Evocates. For this reason we usually just assign two specific DPS to take care of the last Flare when he Evocates, this way the rest of the DPS is free to switch over immediately.

He goes back and forth between shooting Astral Flares and Evocating for nearly the whole fight. You just need to continue killing Flares and then attacking him when he's Evocating until he gets down to 15%. Before that, though...

The Curator also uses something called Hateful Bolt, which does 5-6k arcane damage to whoever is second on threat. For this reason, we usually have one DPS member with a lot of health stay second in threat and just eat the Hateful Bolts. You can also use an off-tank instead, though we found this slowed our DPS down too much in this DPS race. He enrages and will kill the raid after 10 minutes so DPS is very important in this fight.

Once you get him to 15%, the Curator hits harder, stops Evocating and stops shooting Astral Flares. At this point, all there is left to do is DPS him down. Pop cooldowns and keep all heals on the main tank and Hateful Bolt tank. Once you get him down to 15%, you should be able to kill him unless you hit the enrage timer.

If you are having problems with The Curator, remember that most of the problems you have with him can only be solved by leaving and coming back with better gear, better raid specs, better consumables or some combination of the three. The Curator was the first boss in Karazhan that most of our raid needed to use flasks before we were able to down him. Bad DPS cannot and should not be tolerated - while Subtlety rogues may be fine in 5-mans, they're horrible raid DPS for example. Of course, you could always go PvP for a day or two and come back with a few extra epics, it can make a world of difference.

For more of Adam Fox's WoW Karazhan Walkthrough, including Tips & Tricks for The Curator, check his site here http://wowraidwalkthroughs.blogspot.com/ or here http://wowraidwalkthroughs.blogspot.com/2008/04/curator-guide-world-of-warcraft.html

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WORMS 2 AND WORMS ARMAGEDDON (2 GAME PK) - $14.95 Includes S & H

2008-04-14T05:58:00.001-07:00

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This package includes 2 great games: Worms Armageddon and Worms 2:

Worms Armageddon:
Armageddon: The last battle between GOOD and EVIL on the day of judgment. Worms: Sneaky little blighters with a bad attitude who couldn`t care less about any day, let alone the last one!

Now, open a new can of worms! It`s the biggest. It`s the best. And it`s packed full of goodies (and baddies!). Whether it`s Single Player, Multiplayer or slithering across the Internet, Worms Armageddon includes a multitude of features and play modes. This is the peak of perfection in ultra-fun. The best worms game ever.

Deploy over 60 different weapons and tools including Indian Nuclear Test, Longbow, Chemical Bomb, Earthquake, Freeze, Suicide Bomb, French Sheep Strike and Aqua Sheep.
Play with 18 new comedy sound-sets including Whoopsie, Thespian, Rastafarian, Indian and Top-Hole.
Collect new Utility Crates: Super Speed-up, Invisibility, Double Damage, Laser Sight, Landing Zone and Crate Shower.
Get on the re-designed `Wormnet` for Internet Play, use and `IRC-style` Chat facility and examine World Ranking Scores.
Play the new Single Player game which features a 30-stage mission game and Single Player Deathmatch Mode.

PLUS five new Training Modes including Sheep Racing (two minutes to collect as many as you can), Crazy Crates (manoeuvre the rope to collect the crates), Euthanasia (get the Old Lady), Turkey Shoot and Target Practice.

Mega-fun Multiplayer mode now includes Handicapping (add or deduct energy for a team), Allied Teams (team up with others to target another player), Donor Cades (the chance to pass on your goodies), Worm Disease and Home Runss

Worms 2:
Worms2 is a turn based game where up to 8 players can participate in any given match. You command a platoon of Worms who inhabit a randomly generated terrain, it`s time to do or die, put up or shut up, you must destroy the other worms with an assortment of devastating weapons.

Each turn is limited to a set number of seconds, this time limit allows you to position your worm in a nearby safe place, collect one of the bonus items sprinkled around, or go and attack a neighboring worm! Battle continues until only one team of worms remains, or after 30 minutes of mayhem, death and destruction, a draw will occur.

Each platoon of Worms is given an assortment of weapons, tools and utilities in which to dispose of the enemy in anyway they feel necessary to win each round. Platoon weapons can be reconfigured for each game by the players to create their own unique war zones. Playing against other teams will be taken to new levels with Internet matches, challenge other players in the next town, country or continent to see just how hard your team is! Take your unique platoon on against the world and make them `wanted dead or cremated` more than Wild Bill Hickock and Billy the Kid ever were.

Worms2 uses over 8,000 frames of animation, recreating a cartoon style environment in which you can make more comic mayhem than Acme ever thought possible. With 16bit audio and a programmable game jukebox the game truly comes alive on screen. You can even edit a logo for your intrepid team and change the soundfx that your Worms emit during battle.

In addition and totally new to Worms2 is a weapon editor! Now you can create your own arsenal of weapons and swap them with other users! Invent new ones or tailor existing ones to warped new dimensions. From a few minutes to a few years, the strategic scope of Worms2 is just enormous.

System Requirements:

Windows 98/Me/XP
100 MHz processor or faster
2MB graphics card
100MB free hard disk space
2X CD-ROM drive
DirectX 6.0
32MB RAM
Mouse and Keyboard
DirectX 6.0 compatible sound card

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Easy Steps to Formatting Your Portable Hard Drive For Use With Windows XP

2008-04-14T04:59:00.001-07:00

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by Jim Hedgecoth

What Does It Mean To Format My Portable Hard Drive?

When you initially purchase your portable hard drive or if you want to restore it to its original state, you must format it. Formatting prepares your portable hard drive for its first use, erasing any existing data in the process.

Backing Up Your Portable Hard Drive

The first step in formatting your portable hard drive is to back up any data that you have on your drive. If you are formatting a new drive you can skip this step, but if you are re-formatting an existing drive, make sure to copy all of your files to another drive before continuing.

Step-By-Step Instructions

After you have backed up your existing files, follow the instructions below to format your portable hard drive. There are many ways to format your drive, but as long as you are only going to be using Windows XP, below are the quickest and easiest steps:

1) Double-Click on the My Computer icon

2) Using the right mouse button, click on your portable hard drive

3) You will now see the "Format Menu"

There are a variety of options to choose from on the Format Menu, and to a novice they can look very confusing and cryptic, but the truth is, the only option you might want to change is the "Volume Label." This can be helpful for identification, because when you plug your portable hard drive into another computer, it doesn't always retain the same drive letter.

Choose something you'll easily recognize, like "Portable Hard Drive." Then, just click Start! At this point, Windows informs you in BIG BOLD LETTERS that all the data on your disk will be erased if you continue. But you're not worried about that, because you already backed up all your data as described earlier.

Simply ignore all the warnings and exclamation points and click OK.

The blue status bar at the bottom of the Format Menu starts ticking away, indicating that your drive is currently being formatted.

A cool wave of relief washes over you as you wipe the sweat from your brow, realizing that your job is done. You've done some hard work, but you've done it right. Now the only thing left to do is wait.

Waiting For Your Portable Hard Drive to Finish Formatting

Do not unplug your portable hard drive or try copying anything to it while it is formatting. This can sometimes require a lot of patience. You've come all this way and done your part, and you're ready to go. Now you have to let your computer do its part, and depending on the size of your portable hard drive and the speed of your computer, it can take a while.

Nothing is worse than just sitting there watching it. Go buy yourself a slice of pizza. When you come back you want to see a dialog box letting you know your format is complete. Just click OK, and your portable hard drive is ready to go!

Jim Hedgecoth is a veteran freelance writer who writes about computer storage hardware devices such as USB Hard Drives, Blu Ray Drives and other related products. He's a frequent contributor to I/O Magic Corporation, a leading Internet retailer offering data storage solutions.

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All About A + Certification: Optimal IT Professionalism

2008-04-13T10:14:00.001-07:00

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by E.S. Cromwell

As a vendor-neutral IT certification, A + certification demonstrates a full, well-rounded competency of service professionals in the fast-paced, ever-competitive computer industry. If you're currently seeking to supplement to your present skill sets with internationally acclaimed and recognized IT credentials and you desire to be viewed as a competent computer service professional, then pursuing the option of A + certification is highly recommended. Developed and sponsored by the Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA), A + certification programs are among the largest and most popular certifications worldwide. Under CompTIA a common goal exists, one composed of standardized qualifications for professionals working in the IT sphere, specifically those involved with PC repairs and overall maintenance.

Popularly and Widely Acknowledged For PC Repair and Maintenance

Unlike other certifications A + certification has gained quite a maintained support system from and within the IT and computer industries. But, why exactly is this so? The reasons are many and there's no questioning as to why A + certification has such a solid and notable presence in the IT world. For one, A + certification is trusted and completely backed by and within leading worldwide manufacturers, vendors, service providers and a number of professional spheres. Secondly, and probably why A + certification is so popular still, is how it primarily tailors it's focus toward technical support areas, which is of the busiest regions in the IT working world.

Furthermore, A + certification has such an extended reach and accepted quality to it simply because professional individuals who possess such a certification under their belt shows that he or she has superior knowledge, refined skill and outstanding customer service skills, all of which are dire to successfully support PC equipment and their corresponding users.

Technically Yours: A + Requirements

Overall, A + certifies standard ability toward fully supporting microcomputers. To become competent and gain actual certification proof you'll need to pass two modules A + Core and A + Operating System Technology. Each exam is separate from each other, but are both realistic. What the Core Hardware exam assesses is overall and basic knowledge of installing, upgrading, configuring, troubleshooting and repairing microcomputer systems in line with predefined CompTIA testing blueprints. The Operating System Technologies exam aims to evaluate basic knowledge of Command Line Prompt, general Operating Systems for installing, upgrading, configuring, troubleshooting and again, repairing microcomputer systems.

A + Certification Aims For Various Individuals

The target audience in which A + certification aims for is quite varied, yet proves to be primarily for individuals deeply interested in computers and/or newcomer IT individuals currently working in the IT world in pursuit to develop a sturdy career, specifically within IT and tech support areas. Also, for those IT individuals -technicians and/or professionals- in tech support already seeking to gain acknowledged validation of their current skills and accrued experience, A + certification tailors to these individuals as well. Even for individuals outside of the IT tech support realm, such IT professionals can take advantage of A + certification as to acquire the basic said tech support skills as well as proof of actual A + certification to further drive their IT careers ahead, staying on top of or ahead of constant competition.

Gain your own Comp TIA Certification as well as your A + Certification today to get ahead in the IT working world.

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Lexmark maintenance kits

2008-04-11T03:33:00.001-07:00

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by Mackey

Printers are very useful devices and have gained popularity for both home and office use. Printers have been around for years and many companies have been launching their printers to provide better quality and service. These days' printers are an essential part in any office and home. No matter whether it's a sales report or internet usage statistics logged by your server they all need to be printed and to do all this work you need a trusty printer. What would happen if your printer got jammed in the middle of the assignment?

With constant use your printer's fuser assembly and rubber rollers can get damaged. Eventually they fail to hold the paper firmly. In this case you can either have your printer repaired or buy a new printer. This situation can get real messy! If your printer needs to be fixed then you need to take your printer to a service center which can be quiet expensive. But now Lexmark has also solved this problem for us as now they have introduced Lexmark printer maintenance kits.

Having Lexmark maintenance kits you can fix your printers by your self and wave all those printer hassles a sincere good bye. Lexmark maintenance kits are used to ensure that your printer is installed and ready for use. They also provide the technical support for the printer when ever it is not functioning properly. Maintenance is extremely important for printer toners as it ensures that your toners last longer. Lexmark maintenance kits will prevent your printer from getting stuck on those busy days. Doing regular printer maintenance can save you a lot time, effort and money.

To keep your printer functioning properly you need to purchase Lexmark maintenance kits. These kits can be easily installed. Lexmark maintenance kits come with various components. Few of these components are: fuser, transfer roller, assembly and pickup. However, the maintenance equipment in these kits varies from printer to printer. It is greatly dependent upon the printer model as well. A fuser kit for color printers is an item used for printer maintenance. It is consumable and holds the fuser, filters and other necessary parts intact.

Keeping in view the growing market of printers, many famous companies like HP and Canon have also introduced their printer maintenance kit. This has made it easier for the people to maintain their printers at home, rather then taking them to a printer service station and waste their time and money.

Lexmark maintenance kits provide quality equipments with some extra tools. To keep your printer in good shape, you must purchase maintenance kits. Another best thing about Lexmark maintenance kits is that they are very economical and you can change them as soon as you wish. The complete kit is going to cost you much less than buying individual items. Trust me, if you don't have one, you are really missing out on a biggie.

I found http://www.cosmiccartridge.com/ very useful for finding information on Printers kits and I thought of sharing it with you.

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2008-04-10T19:13:00.001-07:00

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Video Game Review- Land Of The Dead: Road To Fiddler's Green

2008-04-10T03:37:00.001-07:00

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by Chad Pratt

On a remote farm in the country things are peaceful. Everything isn't as it seems though. A stranger appears outside of your home; little do you know that he is one of the many walking dead. In a desperate struggle for survival you make your way to the one city still controlled by the living. The only thing standing between you and your goal are several thousand zombies and one very crappy game brought to you by our friends at Grove Games. This review is based on the PC version of the game, though it is available on the original Xbox as well.

Graphics: 6.5/10

The best way to describe the graphics of this game is "ok". Not great but not terrible. The zombies are well animated and detailed with huge chunks of flesh missing from them. The character movements are fluid and smooth. The weapons though are very bland and plain looking and there are some animation glitches. For example: the shot gun. No matter how many rounds you have left the animation stays the same. If you have 2 rounds left out of four and then you reload, it shows your character putting four shells in the gun.

Sound: 7.0/10

Ah, the sounds of zombies crawling around... beautiful. Too bad all the other sound effects are low quality at best. The voice acting is horrible and at times it even sounds like the actors are half asleep. The greatest disappointment is the weapon sounds. Not all of them are terrible, but most of them are. The sound of a baseball bat connecting with a zombie's skull is music to my ears and the other melee weapons sound equally as cheery. However the guns in the game sound weak and pathetic.

Artificial Intelligence: 5.0/10

Zombies are dumb, that's a fact of life but this is just sad. I'm standing on top of a car shooting at a zombie and it doesn't even react. The zombies around it just stand there even though I am in plan view in front of them. Only when I actually engage the zombies back on the ground do they go into attack mode. Sometimes I even stand on the ground right in front of a zombie and it won't attack me until I shoot it once first.

Multiplayer: 7.0/10

It's hard to connect to a server to play land of the dead. It's even harder to find decent people to play with but once you do and download some "moded" content, this game's online play really shines. Nothing like trying to kill someone while trying not to be eaten by zombies.

Overall Score: 6.5/10

The game is not horrible but it does suffer a lot from its many flaws. If you're a die hard zombie fan then pick up a copy (good luck finding one). If not then don't waste your time. There are a few communities out there dedicated to "moding" and improving the game with better weapons and online maps which makes the game much more enjoyable but not anywhere near perfect.

Chad Pratt plays and reviews games and also serves as a moderator for the popular gaming tournament website PrizeArena. To read more game reviews, or win money playing games, visit his site and sign up for your free account.

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All you need to know about a poker table

2008-04-09T03:52:00.001-07:00

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by Groshan Fabiola

We cannot deny the fact that poker has become one of the most popular games of cards in the whole world. The effects of this growth are reflected weather by the celebrity poker on TV, full shows about playing and all involving strategies. Playing at home or online became a growing industry. Nowadays the number of poker players that prefer internet gaming is surpassing the number of poker players in casinos, but nothing can beat the thrill of playing at home with you're friends or family. Nowadays you can find much easier poker accessories like chips, cards and the most important thing, a poker table.

Of course you can play a large variety of games relating to poker, like Hi/Lo poker, Seven Card Stud, Crazy Pineapple and maybe the most played version, Texas Holdem. You can play with you're friends but if you really want the experience to be more intense you can use all the accessories that can come with this card game, tacking it to another level of entertainment. When playing poker, some people like just to play for fun but a poker table is necessary so that the game can progress in good conditions and the levels of comfort of the persons involved in the game become higher. All of these things are related with having a good poker table. There are different kinds of poker tables, for example a Texas Holdem poker table is far different than a Seven Card Stud table. Because of this reasons you may have to buy a different poker table according with you're preferences, according with the poker version you like better.

Most poker tables are especially made for eight players. Poker tables can be with legs in place or table tops that can be fitted to any classical table. An advanced poker table has a molded space for the drinks of the players.

For more resources regarding Texas holdem poker tables or even about discount poker table and especially about poker table set please review these pages.

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Windows Operating System Corruption and Data Loss

2008-04-08T03:28:00.001-07:00

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by Andrew Watson

In windows operating system, when you install or uninstall a new program or make any other changes to the system files, the structures and registry of the operating system is changed in this process. In these situations, if any goes wrong, it can corrupt your operating system.

But there is an option in windows that you can restore you system to the last working state. Windows periodically takes the snapshot of system known as restore points. The snapshots are also taken at the time when you install or uninstall any software or driver. In this way, you can restore your system without any problem.

But sometimes when you try to restore your system, in case it gets corrupted, you may get an error message saying:
"Windows XP could not start because the following file is missing or corrupt: \WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SYSTEM"

In the process of system restoration to an earlier working state, the restoration operation completes successfully. But when you reboot the system, the system display the above error message.

This error message occurs due to the possible corruption in Windows registry when you attempt to restore your system. The registry may corrupt due to following reasons:

You computer has a BIOS that doesn't support 48-bit LBA
You have installed your operating system on a partition that is larger than 128 GB

In these situations, you can't access the data from your computer hard drive and you need to reinstall the operating system in order to make them accessible.

But reinstalling the operating system is never safe as it requires to format the primary partition of the drive. When you format the drive, it deletes all the data stored on it. The situations become more worst in case in you have stored your important data on primary partition or you haven't partitioned the drive or you are using dynamic partition on your drive.

In these situations, if your data is very important, you need to recover them to save you and your business. in order to recover your lost data, you need for data recovery solutions. In this particular case, you can use Windows data recovery software.

Windows data recovery software is Do It Yourself solution for recovering your lost data from windows computer. These software can recover you lost data in all possible cases of data loss including hard drive formatting, accidental deletion, logical partition deletion, or virus attack.

Stellar Phoenix Windows Data Recovery is a powerful and robust data recovery tool for windows users. This is the complete solution for your windows related data loss problems. The software uses advanced searching algorithms to search and locate the lost data and recover them. This software is compatible with all file versions of Windows operating system including windows 97, 2000, XP, 2003 and Vista. The software is capable to recover the data from FAT and NTFS file systems of Windows operating system.

Andrew Watson a student of Mass Communication doing research on data recovery software. He is also a freelancer for http://www.stellarinfo.com

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Cisco CCNA And CCNP Practice Questions: ARP, Proxy ARP, Admin Distance, And More!

2008-04-07T03:30:00.001-07:00

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by Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933

Test your knowledge of ARP, Proxy ARP, administrative distance, and other vital Cisco exam topics with these free questions!

CCNA And CCENT Certification Exam:

Host A wants to send data to Host B. Host A knows Host B's IP address, but not its MAC address. There are two switches and a hub between the two hosts. What protocol will allow Host A to transmit data successfully to Host B?

A. ARP

B. Inverse ARP

C. RARP

D. Proxy ARP

Answer: A. ARP can work successfully in this situation, since there are no routers in the path between Host A and Host B. ARP broadcasts will successfully be forwarded by the switches.

CCNP Certification / BSCI Exam:

Given the following routing table excerpt, what local interface will traffic destined for 234.4.4.4 use to exit the router?

R 234.4.4.0 /24 [120/2] via ethernet0

I 234.4.4.0 /23 [100/4253] via ethernet1

R 234.4.4.0 /24 [120/2] via serial0

O 234.4.4.0 /23 [110/20]via serial1

Answer: The load will be shared over the two RIP paths. They have the longest prefix for the route (/24), and since the metrics are equal, they will equal-cost load-share over the two paths. Hopefully you'll only see a routing table like that on an exam or here in a practice question!

CCNP Certification / BCMSN Exam:

Short answer: You want to connect a router's AUI port to a switch port. What kind of cable will you need?

Answer: You'll need a straightthrough cable as well as a transceiver.

CCNP Certification / ISCW Exam:

Short answer: Packet filtering can use information from what OSI model layer headers to permit or deny traffic?

Answers: Packet filtering can match against both L3 and L4 criteria.

CCNP Certification / ONT Exam:

Cisco routers support three types of digital phone ports. Name them.

Answer: Our old friend ISDN, along with Common Channel Signaling (CCS) and Channel Associated Signaling (CAS).

Look for more free Cisco certification exam practice questions on this website soon!

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage, home of free CCNP and CCNA Certification Exam tutorials, The Ultimate CCNA Study Package, and Ultimate CCNP Study Packages. Earn your Microsoft Server 2008 certification with The Bryant Advantage!

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Industry leader in Web Based Trucking Software does it again!

2008-04-06T08:56:00.001-07:00

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by Ron Mark

The new release contains various small improvements but most noticeable is the addition of a full Freight Broker version. ITS Dispatch in the past was only designed for Carriers and now with the Broker version, their potential subscriber base has more than tripled.

The Broker version contains new features that will aid freight brokerage companies in running their businesses. Most importantly, detailed statistics have been added that allow users to see at a glance, exactly what their companies are generating for gross margin, gross revenue and carrier costs. The statistics pages will detail out top performing customers, carriers and dispatchers in an easy to understand display with supporting spreadsheets that are completely printable.

These same detailed stats have been integrated into the existing carrier version and will now allow carriers the same tools to manage their operations.

The brokerage version was created with increased requirements for adding carriers including a function that alerts dispatchers to expired carrier insurance, prior to booking a carrier on a load. A link for Federal Motor Carrier Association (FMCA) has been added which will allow users to quickly look up the operating authorities of any carriers in their database. Add to this the existing interchangeable features from the carrier version and the ITS Dispatch package offers real alternatives to existing server based programs. These features include detailed reports, detailed load sheets, one click invoicing, Quick Books integration, multiple user levels and the most user friendly interface on the market.

A quote from an ITS Dispatch subscriber:

"The ITS Dispatch Trucking Software has been a great success for our fleet. We currently operate a transportation company with a fleet of 10 trucks. The Dispatch Board really helps us to keep an eye on our equipment and load orders at all times. The staff at ITS Dispatch have worked closely with us and have been more than helpful with all requests. Steve Pachov, MB Transport Enterprises Inc".

ITS Dispatch has established itself as a leader in Trucking Software and more specifically, web based trucking software applications. Their products are targeted at smaller carriers with fleets of 5 to 50 trucks and any sized brokerage companies. The strength of their application lies in the web access to all data. No servers or computer upgrades are required and the Dispatch application can be accessed from anywhere that the user has an internet connection. Add to this the fact that the cost for service is based on unlimited users and is a fixed, manageable monthly rate and the application becomes a real solution.

For more details about Transportation Software and Trucking Software or to contact ITS Dispatch, please visit their website its-dispatch.com. They can also be reached at 888-338-9656.

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CD and DVD duplication for an Easy Life

2008-04-04T11:19:00.001-07:00

by neeraj chhokar

In this era, where technology is booming to new heights, CD duplication and DVD duplication have come forward as the fastest growing and most desired method of data storage techniques. These services actually fill the latest need and desire in CD and DVD technology. If you are seeking urgent and fast copies of the CDs, there's no better solution than contacting a professional CD duplication firms and get the finest service. With short turnover time and the latest professional technologies, you can have your CDs duplicated in no time.

One of the benefits of CD duplication firms is that you as a user can easily get your copies of CDs that look great, too. In fact, you can get a CD that looks really good and competent by using the process of silk-screening. You can even ask for your logo or original artwork silk-screened onto the CD in a professional manner.

Likewise, if you want to capture some of the special and magical moments in your day-to-day life on DVD, you can do so quickly and easily. There are lots of specialized DVD duplication firms that can provide you your desired product by using the latest in DVD duplication technology. There are lots of high-quality DVD duplication firms working online, most of which promise to deliver your product in a short amount of time.

DVD Duplication by Professionals

Find many data storage companies which are active in providing quality services to customers. By availing CD duplication services and DVD duplication services, you can save your data, images, and content for a considerable long period of time.

Explore the true benefits of this technology by taking your project to a DVD duplication firm.

For further information on CD Duplication,DVD Duplication and CD and DVD duplication. Please contact A1 Duplication Ltd directly on +44 (0)20 8748 0440 or visit at www.a1duplication.co.uk

NCAA Football Rosters for PS3: How to Download

2008-04-03T03:43:00.001-07:00

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by Brian Kaldenberg

Electronic Arts' phenomenal NCAA collegiate football video game swept over millions of gamers in US. Since it's been created, more and more video game aficionados went gaga over it because it never ends on being developed - each year, new interesting features get included. These addictive video game features, especially the latest versions of the game, include:

- Dynasty mode
- ESPN
- fight songs
- tuned up game play
- special teams
- campus challenges
- ability to create and edit players and names
- released for PlayStation and Xbox
- allows well-performing players to lead by example (Leadership Control)

Aside from the fun that the real NCAA football brings and now has been converted to game series, as mentioned, it is now made available to modern game console players, particularly PS2 and PS3.

Many NCAA football enthusiasts, to have more fun, prefer to customize their games by changing the names of their players in their teams. However, there's the common newbie player dilemma of not knowing how to download the NCAA rosters to their PS3 systems. What? You're one of them? Don't fret here's how you can download the NCAA rosters for your PS3.

a. On your flash drive, create a folder for your PS3 to facilitate the transfer from your computer to the flash drive.
b. Download the SAVEDATA.zip file to your computer. After downloading it, extract the file to your desktop using WINRAR.
c. Now insert your USB storage device into your computer's slot.
d. Open the USB storage device. It should display a window on your computer.
e. You create a new folder on your USB storage device and name the folder PS3. It's important to name it PS3 so that your PS3 system will recognize the roster folder
f. Find the SAVEDATA file extracted from SAVEDATA.zip.
g. To save the file on the USB storage device, you can drag the SAVEDATA folder or copy and paste SAVEDATA folder into the PS3 folder located in the USB storage device.
h. To load it to your PS3 system, without putting the game in the system, start PS3. Sign in only with the username you dedicated to the roster file.
i. Plug in the USB device into the USB slot of the PS3.
j. Go to PS3 menu to get to the "Game" section.
k. Scroll down to "Saved Data Utility, then click "x".
l. Pick "USB Device", then press "x".
m. Pick "NCAA Football 08" or any NCAA Football game version. Click "triangle" then "copy".
n. The file will be copied to the hard drive of the PS3 system. Just insert NCAA 08 or any version and voila! You're ready to play with your freshly-downloaded rosters!

Gamerosters.com provides NCAA Football rosters files for PS2, PS3, and Xbox 360. We offer purchase new memory card, memory card mail-in, and roster download service particularly NCAA Football 09 Rosters.

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Backup Basics

2008-04-02T06:31:00.001-07:00

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by Janet Barclay

If you've ever lost data due to equipment malfunction, human error, or some other cause, you may have experienced dizziness, a sinking feeling in the pit of your stomach, and other panic symptoms.

In business, data loss means at the very least a reduction in productivity, as valuable time must be spent recreating lost files. In some cases, it may create more serious problems, such as a failure to meet client deadlines, leading to a loss of income or potential lawsuit.

Although less critical, lost data also has implications for the home user, who often stores digital photographs, family recipes, and household budget and tax figures on his or her computer, as well as other information that may be difficult or even impossible to replace.

Fortunately, with a backup system in place, you will be able restore most, if not all, of your information in the event that you are faced with a computer disaster.

Before you begin, you will need to make a list of files that can't easily be replaced. This will vary from person to person and from business to business, but may include any or all of the following:

Bank records and other financial information
Digital photographs and/or videos
Software you purchased and downloaded from the Internet
Business and personal documents and projects
E-mail, address book, and calendar
Internet bookmarks / favorites

You may also wish to make a complete copy of your operating system, device drivers, applications, and utilities. If you don't have all the original disks for your software and operating system, this step is crucial. Otherwise, you will have the option of reinstalling everything from scratch, but keep in mind that you will lose any customized settings you may have created, including user dictionaries.

The days when you could back up your data on floppy disks are long gone, and even a CD may not be large enough to hold all of your important documents, especially if you have a lot of digital photographs or other large media files. As new products and services are introduced every week, this article will not attempt to describe them in detail, but current backup technologies include external hard drives, tape drives, USB flash drives, DVDs, and online storage systems.

Considerations when choosing a backup system include the following:

Location - Ideally, your backup files should not be stored in the same building as your computer, as you risk losing both copies in the event of a fire or other disaster.

Portability - If your backup isn't offsite, it's much easier to grab a USB flash drive or DVD during an evacuation than to try and disconnect your entire computer and take it with you.

Ease of Use - Automated systems can be much easier to operate, and can be programmed to run automatically, so you don't need to remember to do it.

Cost - Be sure to factor in the value of the time involved with manually selecting the files you wish to back up (as opposed to using an automated system) as well as the time needed to deliver storage devices to an offsite location.

Number and Size of Files - There's no point spending money on an expensive online service or external hard drive if you only have a few important files. On the other hand, if you will need several CDs or DVDs to backup your system, another option would be more practical.

You might find that a combination of systems works best for you. For example, you might choose to create a full system backup every few months which is stored off site, and to back up your daily or weekly work to a CD or USB flash drive.

You should test your backup to make sure that you can restore the files whenever you need to. You should also try opening the files on a different computer than the one they came from, in case you need to copy them to a new system.

Whatever system you choose, it's essential that you create and stick to a regular backup schedule. If you back up your system today and your system crashes six months from now, although you'll be a little better off than if you had no backup at all, you'll be kicking yourself for not taking the time to stay on top of it.

When you consider the implications of losing valuable data, the value of implementing a backup strategy for your office or home computer far exceeds the time and effort required.

Janet Barclay, MVA and founder of Organized Assistant, provides administrative assistance and website services to coaches, professional organizers and other small business clients. Learn more about Janet and her business by visiting her website http://www.organizedassistant.com. To receive monthly tips for Maximizing Your Time and Space, request a subscription to her ezine, The Organized Assistant Resource.

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Cisco CCENT / CCNA Certification Exam Tutorial: Logging Synchronous And Exec-Timeout Commands

2008-04-01T04:47:00.001-07:00

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by Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933

Throughout my CCENT and CCNA exam tutorials, you'll notice these two curious commands on the console port:

line con 0

exec-timeout 0 0

logging synchronous

I've been recommending these commands for years to CCNA and CCNP candidates putting their own home labs together, but they can come in handy on the job as well. Let's take these commands one at a time, starting with the logging synchronous command.

When the router wants you to know something, it wants you to know right now. If the router sends a message to the console while you're entering a config, by default the router will interrupt your work to show you that message.

In the following example, I opened a Serial interface, which will always result in at least two messages relating to the physical and logical state of the interface. I started typing a sentence immediately after I opened the interface to show you what happens. I've bolded the sentence I was entering.

R1(config)#int s0

R1(config-if)#no shut

R1(config-if)#^Z

R1#so here i am

4d04h: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoletyp

4d04h: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to uping and

4d04h: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to upi've been interrupted quite badly!

4d04h: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down

This may seen trivial, but when you have a long command entry interrupted by a console message, you'll wonder how to prevent that from happening. (After you stop yelling at the router, that is.) By configuring the logging synchronous command on the console port, you're telling the router to hold such messages until it detects no input from the keyboard and no other output from the router, such as a show command's output.

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#logging ?

synchronous Synchronized message output

The second command I always enter on the console port of a home lab router or switch is exec-timeout 0 0. This disables the default inactivity timeout of 5 minutes and 0 seconds. If you want to change that timer rather than disabling it, the first number represents the number of minutes in the inactivity timer and the second number is the number of seconds.

R1(config)#line con 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout ?

<0-35791> Timeout in minutes

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 ?

<0-2147483> Timeout in seconds

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0 (disables the inactivity timer)

This command can also be configured on the VTY lines to set or disable the inactivity timer for Telnet and SSH users. Here, we'll set the VTY line inactivity timer to 10 minutes.

R1(config)#line vty 0 4

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout ?

<0-35791> Timeout in minutes

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 ?

<0-2147483> Timeout in seconds

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 10 ?

<0-2147483> Timeout in seconds

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 10 0

Some network admins hate these commands, and I personally don't like to disable my router's Telnet and SSH inactivity timers. They're great commands for your present or future home lab, and I also recommend you know them for your CCENT and CCNA exams!

The logging synchronous and exec-timeout commands are helpful in Cisco CCNA and CCNP home labs, but you should also know them for your CCENT and CCNA exams. Learn the details from Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933.

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Backup -- But Where To?

2008-03-31T03:58:00.001-07:00

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by For Free Resources www.100computertips.com

We all know we have to backup regularly, but those backups files can get huge. Add that to your existing your files and your notebook computer hard drive seems to have shrunk overnight. No matter what size hard drive you have on your notebook computer, space is a premium. Besides, it's not exactly a good idea to store your backups on the same hard drive since you can't retrieve it -- rather defeats the purpose of backing up don't you think? So what do you do, what are your options?

Backup to an external hard drive. This is probably the quickest, most cost effective option. You can often get a removable drive on sale or with rebate for a low price too. You can get one with hundreds of Gigabytes of space too. They can be easy to hookup to your notebook computer. However, do remember that they are hard drives and hard drives can fail. You may find the external backup fails before your notebook computer does.

Online backup. This is actually a good idea because physical disasters can happen to your home. And when that happens, you will always have a copy in a place not affected by the disaster. This is why businesses usually have one backup in the premises and one (or more) off premises. The good thing about online backup is, it's accessible from anywhere with an internet connection. So if your notebook fails when you're away from home, you can still retrieve your data.

Many of these services are reasonably priced and they provide you with everything you need to get the backups safely transfered. But because your data will be on someone else's system, choose a reputable company, one who is not only established but takes customer data confidentiality very seriously.

Network attached storage. This would make more sense if you have several computers. They allow you to not only backup several computers' data into one location but also ability to share or retrieve files from that central area. You can also achieve a similar effect equipping an older computer with a large hard drive and use it just for storage or backup.

Backup to CD or DVD. This is considered the safest for long term data integrity. External drives and network storage can still crash and prone to virusses. CD's and DVD's are also inexpensive. But backing up to disks daily is chore as you'll find yourself having to manually pop in the disks. It becomes even more hard work when you have a lot of files and your backup spans several disks. The other problem with this method is, backup utilities that come with your operating system cannot backup to a CD or DVD drive. So you'll have to fork out extra cash to buy a third party backup software that will.

No backup solution is one hundred percent and what you choose of course will depend on how you work. If your data is really important to you, try not rely on one backup source. Create two separate sources if you can afford to, just in case.
Keywords: Computer Tips, Computer Help, PC Upgrade, Computer Information, Computer Terms.

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Cisco CCENT / CCNA Certification Exam Tutorial: Logging Synchronous And Exec-Timeout Commands

2008-03-30T08:19:00.001-07:00

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The Benefits Of Using C-store Software

2008-03-29T06:52:00.001-07:00

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by

My experience in running a wholesale and retail operation makes it easy to imagine the benefits of having fully functional C-store software. In my town, during the early 1990's, a company operating a 4 storey retail store had to conduct a monthly physical inventory of goods. Each inventory process required a lot of people and lasted several days.

The store also had several people handling accounts payables, a lot of employees in the purchasing department and had physically redundant processes in order to make sure that things were being done correctly. Despite all that, the company still encountered losses from theft, obsolete (expired) products, huge quantities of slow moving goods, best selling products that are always out of stock, etc. All those losses naturally affected not only the company's bottom-line but their retail prices, as well.

But when they purchased their C-Store software, things became efficient and management of the entire business became a lot easier. At present, they only do annual physical inventories (that gets finished a lot faster compared to what they were used to) and everything else can easily be figured out through their C-store software. With both owners and managers finding the operation easier, they decided to put up a bigger branch and assigned the excess personnel in the new location.

Running a retail organization is like conducting a 200 piece symphony orchestra. The different aspects to the operation are very much like the diverse instruments in an ensemble and the most difficult challenge is how to make all instruments play in harmony with one another.

A retail organization requires a good management system for hundreds (or thousands) of retail products that should be in sync with the procurement, warehousing, sales and other concerned departments in the business. At any time, the managers should be able to know the margin for any product being sold, when available quantities of any item go down, when there are products that needs to be disposed (or will expire), when any item is hardly moving, if suppliers are delivering the right quantities and on time, if employees are reporting late for work and every other detail in the business.

C-store software does all that and more. It tracks the movement of all goods and instantly generates different types of reports thus giving the management the exact status of the company in real time. Should any decision point arise, the convenience store software allows them to decide the best course of action to be taken. And with proper integration, any firm's c-store software can be interfaced with accounting programs making the entire store management process close to being fully automated. Such a system may also be configured to cover the management of multiple stores in different areas.

Nowadays, some c-store software may be accessed and controlled from remote locations (through the internet). With that new feature, company management may go out of town to attend seminars, advanced courses and even take long vacations, knowing that it will be as if they never left their stores. Managing a retail store is now a lot easier than before. Thanks to c-store software.

For more information on c-store software contact EK3

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Creating a Wireless Network

2008-03-28T02:53:00.001-07:00

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by JBO Solutions

Wireless networking allows you to easily share your Internet access as well as printers, and media, very easily without wires. Setting up a wireless network is generally very easy and it is becoming more and more commonplace to do this in your home or small office. The great thing about wireless networking is the fact you can add wireless functionality to your existing network.

If you intend to use wireless networking it is advisable to have windows XP service pack 2 as a minimum. Whilst this is not absolutely essential it can make things much easier when connecting to wireless networks and also a few security issues have been fixed with this service pack

The first stage to setting up a wireless network is to obtain the correct equipment. There are several different options, depending on your current setup. If you currently use a cable based provided then you just need a broadband router, however, if you currently use the more common ADSL style broadband suppliers (common here in the UK) then you will need to ensure you purchase the router with the ADSL modem built in. The router will now connect to the Internet for you and allow other devices to connect to it wirelessly. If you were previously used to having to go to a dial up connection you now no longer need to do this as as soon as your computer connects to the router you will automatically be connected to the Internet.

To connect your wireless router should be straight forward enough. If you use the CD that comes with the router it will quickly guide you through the setup. The basics are to plug your existing modem into the router if you are on a cable system, or disconnected your previous broadband modem and input your settings into the new router. You should have indicator lights advising you of the routers status. These vary from router to router so refer to your instructions provided.

As previously mentioned, the CD that comes with the router is often the best way to quickly create a secure active wireless network. However, if you are like me, you may want to explore the settings of the router to configure it yourself. Here are some common terms you may come up againt.

- SSID this is your networks name. Choose something unique, as generally it will come up with the manufacturer of the router name. When you try and search for the router with your computer you will want to identify which name represents you own router.
- WEP or WPA is the type of security encryption to prevent other people accessing your Internet connection. WPA will generally allow you to use a memorable word to user a password whilst WEP is more a randomly generated bunch of numbers and letter.
- Administrator Password this is just the password to actually access the administration of your router. Unless someone has already got a connection to your router they will be unable to change settings. If you do use a password here, make sure it is something memorable as it is quite possible that you will not have to access the admin, once setup, for a very long time.

Now your router is all set up we need to understand how to connect a computer to the network. This is very easy to do. If you have wireless technology built into your computer then ensure it is switched on. If you haven't, insert your wireless device into the relevant port.

You should have a wireless icon in the bottom left hand corner by the clock. Right click here and search for wireless networks in range.

In the box that comes up you should see a list of the networks in your area that your computer has detected. Being wireless technology is so popular these days it is common to see several different routers in here from neighbours.

Within this list you should see the name that you previously inputted as you SSID. Double click this. You should now be prompted for either your WEP or WPA key enter this.

You should now be connected. Go ahead and load your preferred Internet browser. You should be able to surf to any given page. Congratulations You have successfully configured your wireless network!

JBO Solutions offers the UK great prices on graphics cards as well as all other wireless routers and pc monitors

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Changing To Oki c5510n Toner Is Not Only Money Saving But It Is Also Healthy For The Planet

2008-03-27T04:55:00.001-07:00

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by Ben Pate

Smaller business owners are very well aware of the high price of toner for their copiers and printers. However, that price can be greatly lowered by using compatible toner that is completely safe for copiers and printers. As an example, one of our clients bought a large shipment of compatible Okidata 5510 cartridges and writes to let us know about his experiences.

Andy Robinson manages projects for a medium-sized restaurant supply company conducting business in one region of the US. He discovered that online suppliers were offering Okidata toner for 50-67% less than he had been spending for name-brand ink. The difference in price was so big that purchasing compatible Okidata 5510 toner allowed him to reduce all of his spending for that month by 16 percent.

He requested that the remanufactured cartridges be used in the company's 200 Okidata c5510. He was skeptical of his decision until he saw that the remanufactured Okidata c5510n toner had the same quality as the name-brand ink he had been buying at a much higher price. Andy wrote that "I checked out some of the copies personally and they looked good."

When you choose to purchase an Okidata 5510 compatible ink, expect it to offer the same or even better quality toners and electronics as the brand name it replaces. Distributors offering compatible cartridges do the same thorough tests as the original manufacturers and also use quality assurance controls to guarantee you the same performance as the brand name, one hundred percent compatibility, and quality as high as the original at a much more attractive price.

Andy's story goes on from here. His cost-cutting decisions helped to earn him the company's manager of the month award three months later. His superiors requested he fulfill the toner orders for the whole company. By switching to compatible Okidata 5510 toner, he was able to save his business tens of thousands of dollars each year!

All of us who want to discover the small solutions to increase revenues and prevent unneeded expenses should learn from the example in Andy's letter. Work with your office supplier to find for yourself the price in using manufacturer's cartridges versus Okidata printer toner and see how even a minor purchasing change can make a huge difference in your bottom line.

If you're a small company owner, you are aware of how much copier and printer toner can cost you. One of our clients, a project manager for a moderately sized regional restaurant equipment company, discovered that at an internet supplier Oki compatible toner was being offered at about 1/3 to a half as inexpensive as the genuine ink he had previously been buying.

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Xbox 360 - Gaming Redefined

2008-03-26T03:27:00.001-07:00

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by Roberto Sedycias

The concept of xbox 360 was conceived by Microsoft in early 2003 and conceptualized in co-operation with IBM, ATI and SIS. This is a second video game console and the system allows the players to download Arcade games, demos, trailers, TV shows and movies.

The system was launched in Nov 2005 in three major regions - Europe, Japan and USA. The demand was stupendous and was sold out completely within a short span of its release. The gaming console competes with Sony Playstation 3 and Nintendo`s WII as part of seventh generation video game console.

There are three versions of Xbox 360: Arcade, Premium and Elite. Each version is backed by its own set of features, accessories and technology like wireless controller, re-chargable battery case, snazzy face plates incase the standard plain surface becomes too boring. Generally all three include hybrid, composite and component cable, a detachable 20GB hard disc drive which comes with game demos, video clips, and a free Live Arcade game.

Initially it started with the code name Xenon motherboard and subsequently re-engineered to Zephyr.The latest upgradation is a Falcon motherboard with an improved GPU heat sink. Right now the production unit is working on the next hardware refresh - GPU + CPU on the same BGA package.

The Xbox live arcade is a service that offers much more than simply downloading video games! The console actually throws up new original games, such as Assault Heroes other than the previous ones like MS Pac-Man.The Xbox video market place is an exclusive video store which can be assessed through the console. It allows the users to view HD TV Shows and Movies.The system also supports audio playback where the users may play back their own music with an interactive visual synthesizer. Pictures and slideshows can also be displayed with various transition effects by this system. These features make the Xbox a favorite of adults too along with the kids!

It is also interesting to note in this context that for a new game designer it is highly recommended that you download XNA Game Studio Express; it is an exclusive game which has been designed for easy creation of games for both Xbox 360 and windows. For developing Xbox 360 game you have to subscribe to the Creators Club apart from having Xbox 360 which has a hard drive.

In UK, the gaming console has been enabled to display BT vision, video content.The lastest video game Burnout 3 is available and till date Halo 3 is Xbox`s latest best selling game.

Xbox 360 was launched to capture the market before the arrival of Sony Playstation 3. This premature market entry had left some flaws in the hardware system undetected thereby earning itself negative publicity. However, newer designs have been introduced, and Microsoft has installed new heat sink to reduce overheating which ensures that the game console unit will last many years. Technically speaking, keeping the gaming system cool may lead to a longer lifespan of the gadget. Along with this, Microsoft has also extended the warranty period to three years in the Xbox gaming console.

This article can be accessed in portuguese from the Article section of page www.polomercantil.com.br/xbox-360.php
Roberto Sedycias works as IT consultant for www.PoloMercantil.com.br

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Basics Of A Pen Drive

2008-03-25T03:29:00.001-07:00

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by Roberto Sedycias

A Pen Drive is a compact, removable storage device just like a floppy disk or a CD. Instead of the floppy device or the CD ROM that are used for reading a floppy disk and CD respectively, a pen drive can be plugged into the USB (Universal Serial Bus) Port of a computer. The USB connectivity makes the pen drive easier to use and data can be transferred faster to and from the pen drive.

Different Manufacturers have named Pen Drives they manufacture differently. Today, a pen drive goes by the names of thumb drive, USB flash drive, Jump Drive, Traveler`s Drive, USB key drive, USB memory stick and many others!

These pen drives are small, inexpensive, almost ubiquitous and extremely handy. They are available largely in the range of 1 to 8 GB which makes them of great use and has made floppy disks and CDs look like useless storage mediums.

The credit of inventing the pen drives goes to IBM. It was invented in 1988 to replace the floppy disks, but IBM never patented it. IBM contracted in M-Systems to manufacture the Pen Drive and the patent is now owned by them.

The pen drive is a modern floppy disk. The main difference is that a floppy disk has moving parts which makes the data stored on the drive vulnerable to loss. A pen drive, on the other hand is a solid state device i.e. it has no moving parts. This makes it possible to almost completely seal the pen drive making it dust-proof and the common magnetic fields. Hence, a pen drive is a much safer option for storing important data.

The latest operating systems like (Windows XP, Linux and Mac OS 2) can recognize these pen drives and mount them automatically. Once it is connected, recognized and mounted by the operating system, it appears just like any other partition of the hard disk except it is named as removable storage.

The pen drive can be removed any time after it is un-mounted (safely remove hardware in case of Windows) and can be re-plugged into the same or a different machine to be used again. A pen drive`s most important use is to transport data and files from one machine to another. For e.g. one can simply copy all the word processing documents, images and spreadsheets to the pen drive, carry it along and copy the files on his/her home computer and work on it at home.

Some users have found the pen drive useful in moving their internet browser History, Cache, Cookies, and other transient data. This improves their privacy and security as no traces of the work done on the machine is left on the PC. Once copied to the drive, the files can be made more secured by encryption or any other method of security.

The pen drives can also be used to store operating systems to boot the computer. This makes them popular for repair and diagnostic work. Instead of carrying tools and maintenance software applications on CDs, a pen drive can be used which is faster and can be manipulated easily in case the software is upgraded or is no more useful.

A pen drive is one of the most economical mobile medium for data storage in terms of cost per unit storage space. They are really light-weight and robust in nature which has made it a big hit and a very important and indispensable tool for a large number of users.

This article can also be accessed in portuguese language from the Article section of page www.polomercantil.com.br/pen-drive
Roberto Sedycias works as IT consultant for www.PoloMercantil.com.br

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Microsoft Vista Certification Tutorial: Finding The Run Line

2008-03-24T02:41:00.001-07:00

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by Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933

Part of the fun of working with a new operating system is learning all about the new features that come along with any major new OS release - and part of the frustration of working with a new OS is finding out that you can't do things the way you've gotten used to doing them! Let's face it, we're all creatures of habit, and looking for old familiar features that are either hidden or removed can be very frustrating!

Take the Run line in Windows, for instance. I personally use the Run line a great deal, especially for Telnet. I just open the Run line, type in the word "telnet" followed by the IP address of the router I need to connect to, and that's it!

Microsoft Vista doesn't quite see it that way, though. I recently purchased a Vista laptop and had been quite happy with the new features, and then I went to use the Run line... and it wasn't there!

While the Run line isn't present by default, it's quite easy to find and make available for future use. I've used the Windows Help and Support in Vista a few times so far, and I've been really impressed with how quickly I've found the answer to my questions. Microsoft was ready for this one as well, since the fourth option to my question literally was a link that said "What happened to the Run command?"

After telling you that the Search box on the Start menu has "much the same functionality", in their words, you're given directions on how to add the Run command to the Start menu. To do so, just follow these simple directions:

Open the Taskbar, then Start Menu Properties. Then just click the Start Menu tab, select Customize, and put a check mark next to "Run command". You're all set!

Alternatively, you can press the Windows logo key along with the letter R to bring the Run command up.

That's all there is to it! Microsoft Vista Help is light years ahead of earlier versions, and when you want to find a "missing" feature such as the Run line, that's a great place to start. You just can't expect to be able to use Help on Microsoft Vista certification exams, though!

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage, home of free Cisco CCNP Certification and CCNA Certification Exam tutorials, The Ultimate CCNA Study Package, and Ultimate CCNP Study Packages. You can also visit his blog, which is updated several times daily with new Cisco certification articles, free tutorials, and daily CCNA / CCNP exam questions! Visit his blog and sign up for Certification Central, a daily newsletter packed with CCNA, Network+, A+, and CCNP certification exam practice questions. A free 7-part course, "How To Pass The CCNA", is also available. Earn your Microsoft Vista certification with The Bryant Advantage!

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Cisco CCENT / CCNA Certification Exam Tutorial: Logging Synchronous And Exec-Timeout Commands

2008-03-23T11:01:00.001-07:00

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Balance Between ROI and Digital Signage May At Times Be Squishy

2008-03-21T05:33:00.001-07:00

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by Jack Mathew

If you ever happen to ask a digital sign age network operator about the balance between his return on investment i.e. ROI and digital sign age or how much ROI he is having on the system; you are likely to have a tinged answer with a tongue-in-cheek approach. The reason is that in numerous ways, factors which determine the digital sign age ROI can be somewhat termed as 'squishy'.

You can compare it with walking through a heavily rain soaked field. However, the aim is not to confuse you; it would be really nice if you know digital sign age ROI at the first hand and it should be as simple as being aware of the cash one spends on the setting and maintenance of the network? Well, it is possible in certain digital sign age applications but squishiness of others makes it bit harder to calculate an exact ROI on digital sign age network.

Let's consider it with the help of an illustration where a casino is planning to replace all its printed promotional sign age with digital sign age. Another case where a corporation is planning to set up a digital sign age network to make communication with employees in an effective manner.

In casino scenario, an amount of $ 300,000 is spent annually on printed promotional sign age other than additional $50,000 which is spent on employees' salaries, bringing new signs at the place of old signs, promoting restaurant specials and so on. On replacing printed sign age with digital sign age, the casino will bear one time expense for the required components.

In this scenario, the cost incurred in content creating will remain the same. The graphic artists who were earlier using Adobe Photo shop will now begin to use additional Premiere and Flash to prepare content for digital sign age. We can get the annual return by dividing amount invested in printing and labor savings by amount used in initial installation.

However, there are some other factors that also establish a relation between ROI and digital sign age such as advertising revenue from allied business wiling to put their advertisement on the network. Here, we can conclude that there can be straightforward ROI allocated to some digital signage applications. In another case, squishy comes into play.

Here a modest digital signage is installed by a corporation which comprises of a sign to greet visitors, a number of digital door cards to keep tab over booking done for various conference rooms as well as a digital sign in the corporate lunchroom.

The squishy factor here is to identify and measure employee and visitor conduct since it is related with the digital signage networking. The digital signage may leave varied impressions as some visitors may like to be welcomed with a digital greeting while others may not and various other similar situations may occur. In other words, it gets tougher to reduce to these types of benefits to a simple ROI equation as they are squishy.

However, it does not mean that they are not vital or real. The only thing is that it is a little bit harder to recognize an exact ROI of the digital sign age network but it certainly does not mean that there is no ROI.

Power2show.com to use as an MP3 player, Power2Show lets you combine photos, video, audio, web pages, Flash, PowerPoint and scrolling text with drag-and-drop simplicity. Power2Show runs on any standard PC, features a familiar player interface, looks terrific and pays for itself with its first-impact application.

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Microsoft Access has encountered a problem and needs to close error and data recover

2008-03-20T03:39:00.001-07:00

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by Andrew Watson

When you try to open and existing or to create a new Microsoft Access Database, it may quit unexpectedly. Furthermore you may get an error message showing that:
"Microsoft Access has encountered a problem and needs to close. We are sorry for the inconvenience."
In this situation, the particular MS Access Database file may become inaccessible.
Cause

This error message and problem generally occurs when you redirect the Application data folder to any other folder on your computer system by using GP or Group Policy editor. The file version of the Access can't recognize the destination folder as its name an path has changed.
This problem may also occur in case where the .mdb file is corrupted or damaged. When you try to access this file, the jet database engine can't find the necessary object to initialize the database file and it display this error message and quit the Access.
Resolution

You can resolve this problem by saving the Application Data folder back on its original location. By doing so, the database engine will be able to find the exact location.
This method works only in case where the problem occurred due to the changed path of Application Data folder. But if the problem is happened because of the corruption or damage in database file, you can't solve this issue using this method.

In this circumstance, you database may become completely inaccessible and can lead to data loss. In this event of data loss, you may loss your important data stored in the particular file and may enter in a serious situation of data loss.
In these cases, to properly access your database, you need to repair it. You can perform this operating with the help of data recovery software. The data recovery software used for Access are known as Access Recovery software.

Access Recovery software is specially designed data recovery utility that is helpful for repairing the corrupted access database. These software are capable to repair and restore the corrupted access database. The software are also capable to repair all the components of Access database including tables, forms, reports, queries and macros.

Stellar Phoenix Access Recovery is a fabulous data recovery software that is capable to repair and restore all the component of .mdb files in all possible cases of database corruption. The software restores the repaired file on its original location in original format. You can download the demo version of the software to check how much your data are recoverable. You can preview the files in demo version of the software. Access repair utility is able to repair and restore the files in all file versions of MS Access including Access 97, 2000, XP, 2003 and 2007.

Andrew Watson a student of Mass Communication doing research on data recovery software. He is also a freelancer for http://www.stellarinfo.com

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Cisco CCENT / CCNA Certification Exam Tutorial: Logging Synchronous And Exec-Timeout Commands

2008-03-19T05:41:00.000-07:00

by Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933

Throughout my CCENT and CCNA exam tutorials, you'll notice these two curious commands on the console port:

line con 0

exec-timeout 0 0

logging synchronous

I've been recommending these commands for years to CCNA and CCNP candidates putting their own home labs together, but they can come in handy on the job as well. Let's take these commands one at a time, starting with the logging synchronous command.

When the router wants you to know something, it wants you to know right now. If the router sends a message to the console while you're entering a config, by default the router will interrupt your work to show you that message.

In the following example, I opened a Serial interface, which will always result in at least two messages relating to the physical and logical state of the interface. I started typing a sentence immediately after I opened the interface to show you what happens. I've bolded the sentence I was entering.

R1(config)#int s0

R1(config-if)#no shut

R1(config-if)#^Z

R1#so here i am

4d04h: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoletyp

4d04h: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to uping and

4d04h: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to upi've been interrupted quite badly!

4d04h: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down

This may seen trivial, but when you have a long command entry interrupted by a console message, you'll wonder how to prevent that from happening. (After you stop yelling at the router, that is.) By configuring the logging synchronous command on the console port, you're telling the router to hold such messages until it detects no input from the keyboard and no other output from the router, such as a show command's output.

R1(config)#line console 0

R1(config-line)#logging ?

synchronous Synchronized message output

The second command I always enter on the console port of a home lab router or switch is exec-timeout 0 0. This disables the default inactivity timeout of 5 minutes and 0 seconds. If you want to change that timer rather than disabling it, the first number represents the number of minutes in the inactivity timer and the second number is the number of seconds.

R1(config)#line con 0

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout ?

<0-35791> Timeout in minutes

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 ?

<0-2147483> Timeout in seconds

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 0 (disables the inactivity timer)

This command can also be configured on the VTY lines to set or disable the inactivity timer for Telnet and SSH users. Here, we'll set the VTY line inactivity timer to 10 minutes.

R1(config)#line vty 0 4

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout ?

<0-35791> Timeout in minutes

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 0 ?

<0-2147483> Timeout in seconds

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 10 ?

<0-2147483> Timeout in seconds

R1(config-line)#exec-timeout 10 0

Some network admins hate these commands, and I personally don't like to disable my router's Telnet and SSH inactivity timers. They're great commands for your present or future home lab, and I also recommend you know them for your CCENT and CCNA exams!

The logging synchronous and exec-timeout commands are helpful in Cisco CCNA and CCNP home labs, but you should also know them for your CCENT and CCNA exams. Learn the details from Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933.

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